chore(deps): bump dependencies to latest

Update all root and workspace package dependencies:

- prettier 3.3 -> 3.8, rimraf 5 -> 6, lint-staged 15 -> 16
- @types/node 20 -> 25 (root, fuzzer, instrumentor)
- cmake-js 7 -> 8, node-addon-api 7 -> 8
- yargs 17 -> 18

Yargs 18 is ESM-only, so its named exports like exit()
are not accessible from CJS. Replace yargs.exit() with
process.exit() in the CLI, which does the same thing.

Swap out the ESLint 8 toolchain for ESLint 9 equivalents
in package.json (config migration is in the next commit):
- eslint-plugin-header -> eslint-plugin-headers
- eslint-plugin-import -> eslint-plugin-import-x
- @typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin -> typescript-eslint

Add markdown-it override to 14.1.1 to fix a ReDoS
vulnerability (GHSA-38c4-r59v-3vqw).

Author: oetr