03_physical_device_selection.cpp

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <vector>

#if defined(__INTELLISENSE__) || !defined(USE_CPP20_MODULES)
#	include <vulkan/vulkan_raii.hpp>
#else
import vulkan_hpp;
#endif

#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN        // REQUIRED only for GLFW CreateWindowSurface.
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

constexpr uint32_t WIDTH  = 800;
constexpr uint32_t HEIGHT = 600;

const std::vector<char const *> validationLayers = {
    "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"};

#ifdef NDEBUG
constexpr bool enableValidationLayers = false;
#else
constexpr bool enableValidationLayers = true;
#endif

class HelloTriangleApplication
{
  public:
	void run()
	{
		initWindow();
		initVulkan();
		mainLoop();
		cleanup();
	}

  private:
	GLFWwindow *window = nullptr;

	vk::raii::Context                context;
	vk::raii::Instance               instance       = nullptr;
	vk::raii::DebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger = nullptr;

	vk::raii::PhysicalDevice physicalDevice = nullptr;

	std::vector<const char *> requiredDeviceExtension = {
	    vk::KHRSwapchainExtensionName};

	void initWindow()
	{
		glfwInit();

		glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
		glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);

		window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);
	}

	void initVulkan()
	{
		createInstance();
		setupDebugMessenger();
		pickPhysicalDevice();
	}

	void mainLoop()
	{
		while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
		{
			glfwPollEvents();
		}
	}

	void cleanup()
	{
		glfwDestroyWindow(window);

		glfwTerminate();
	}

	void createInstance()
	{
		constexpr vk::ApplicationInfo appInfo{.pApplicationName   = "Hello Triangle",
		                                      .applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
		                                      .pEngineName        = "No Engine",
		                                      .engineVersion      = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
		                                      .apiVersion         = vk::ApiVersion14};

		// Get the required layers
		std::vector<char const *> requiredLayers;
		if (enableValidationLayers)
		{
			requiredLayers.assign(validationLayers.begin(), validationLayers.end());
		}

		// Check if the required layers are supported by the Vulkan implementation.
		auto layerProperties = context.enumerateInstanceLayerProperties();
		for (auto const &requiredLayer : requiredLayers)
		{
			if (std::ranges::none_of(layerProperties,
			                         [requiredLayer](auto const &layerProperty) { return strcmp(layerProperty.layerName, requiredLayer) == 0; }))
			{
				throw std::runtime_error("Required layer not supported: " + std::string(requiredLayer));
			}
		}

		// Get the required extensions.
		auto requiredExtensions = getRequiredExtensions();

		// Check if the required extensions are supported by the Vulkan implementation.
		auto extensionProperties = context.enumerateInstanceExtensionProperties();
		for (auto const &requiredExtension : requiredExtensions)
		{
			if (std::ranges::none_of(extensionProperties,
			                         [requiredExtension](auto const &extensionProperty) { return strcmp(extensionProperty.extensionName, requiredExtension) == 0; }))
			{
				throw std::runtime_error("Required extension not supported: " + std::string(requiredExtension));
			}
		}

		vk::InstanceCreateInfo createInfo{
		    .pApplicationInfo        = &appInfo,
		    .enabledLayerCount       = static_cast<uint32_t>(requiredLayers.size()),
		    .ppEnabledLayerNames     = requiredLayers.data(),
		    .enabledExtensionCount   = static_cast<uint32_t>(requiredExtensions.size()),
		    .ppEnabledExtensionNames = requiredExtensions.data()};
		instance = vk::raii::Instance(context, createInfo);
	}

	void setupDebugMessenger()
	{
		if (!enableValidationLayers)
			return;

		vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagsEXT severityFlags(vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eVerbose | vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eWarning | vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eError);
		vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT     messageTypeFlags(vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eGeneral | vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::ePerformance | vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagBitsEXT::eValidation);
		vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT  debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT{
		     .messageSeverity = severityFlags,
		     .messageType     = messageTypeFlags,
		     .pfnUserCallback = &debugCallback};
		debugMessenger = instance.createDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(debugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT);
	}

	void pickPhysicalDevice()
	{
		std::vector<vk::raii::PhysicalDevice> devices = instance.enumeratePhysicalDevices();
		const auto                            devIter = std::ranges::find_if(
            devices,
            [&](auto const &device) {
                // Check if the device supports the Vulkan 1.3 API version
                bool supportsVulkan1_3 = device.getProperties().apiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_3;

                // Check if any of the queue families support graphics operations
                auto queueFamilies = device.getQueueFamilyProperties();
                bool supportsGraphics =
                    std::ranges::any_of(queueFamilies, [](auto const &qfp) { return !!(qfp.queueFlags & vk::QueueFlagBits::eGraphics); });

                // Check if all required device extensions are available
                auto availableDeviceExtensions = device.enumerateDeviceExtensionProperties();
                bool supportsAllRequiredExtensions =
                    std::ranges::all_of(requiredDeviceExtension,
			                                                       [&availableDeviceExtensions](auto const &requiredDeviceExtension) {
                                            return std::ranges::any_of(availableDeviceExtensions,
				                                                                                  [requiredDeviceExtension](auto const &availableDeviceExtension) { return strcmp(availableDeviceExtension.extensionName, requiredDeviceExtension) == 0; });
                                        });

                auto features                 = device.template getFeatures2<vk::PhysicalDeviceFeatures2, vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features, vk::PhysicalDeviceExtendedDynamicStateFeaturesEXT>();
                bool supportsRequiredFeatures = features.template get<vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan13Features>().dynamicRendering &&
                                                features.template get<vk::PhysicalDeviceExtendedDynamicStateFeaturesEXT>().extendedDynamicState;

                return supportsVulkan1_3 && supportsGraphics && supportsAllRequiredExtensions && supportsRequiredFeatures;
            });
		if (devIter != devices.end())
		{
			physicalDevice = *devIter;
		}
		else
		{
			throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
		}
	}

	std::vector<const char *> getRequiredExtensions()
	{
		uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
		auto     glfwExtensions     = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);

		std::vector extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);
		if (enableValidationLayers)
		{
			extensions.push_back(vk::EXTDebugUtilsExtensionName);
		}

		return extensions;
	}

	static VKAPI_ATTR vk::Bool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT severity, vk::DebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type, const vk::DebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData, void *)
	{
		if (severity == vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eError || severity == vk::DebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT::eWarning)
		{
			std::cerr << "validation layer: type " << to_string(type) << " msg: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;
		}

		return vk::False;
	}
};

int main()
{
	try
	{
		HelloTriangleApplication app;
		app.run();
	}
	catch (const std::exception &e)
	{
		std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
		return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}