diff --git a/content/paper/LICENSE b/content/paper/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10fabd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/paper/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,395 @@ +Attribution 4.0 International + +======================================================================= + +Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and +does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of +Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or +other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related +information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no +warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their +terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons +disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the +fullest extent possible. + +Using Creative Commons Public Licenses + +Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and +conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share +original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright +and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The +following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not +exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses. + + Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are + intended for use by those authorized to give the public + permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by + copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are + irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms + and conditions of the license they choose before applying it. + Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before + applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the + material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any + material not subject to the license. This includes other CC- + licensed material, or material used under an exception or + limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors: + wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors + + Considerations for the public: By using one of our public + licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the + licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If + the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for + example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to + copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our + licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain + other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of + the licensed material may still be restricted for other + reasons, including because others have copyright or other + rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests, + such as asking that all changes be marked or described. + Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to + respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations + for the public: + wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees + +======================================================================= + +Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License + +By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree +to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons +Attribution 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). To the +extent this Public License may be interpreted as a contract, You are +granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your acceptance of +these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You such rights in +consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from making the +Licensed Material available under these terms and conditions. + + +Section 1 -- Definitions. + + a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar + Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material + and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered, + arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring + permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the + Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed + Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording, + Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is + synched in timed relation with a moving image. + + b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright + and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in + accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License. + + c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights + closely related to copyright including, without limitation, + performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database + Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or + categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights + specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar + Rights. + + d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the + absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws + fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright + Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international + agreements. + + e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or + any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights + that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material. + + f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, + or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public + License. + + g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the + terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to + all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the + Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license. + + h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights + under this Public License. + + i. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or + process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such + as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution, + dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material + available to the public including in ways that members of the + public may access the material from a place and at a time + individually chosen by them. + + j. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright + resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of + the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases, + as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially + equivalent rights anywhere in the world. + + k. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights + under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning. + + +Section 2 -- Scope. + + a. License grant. + + 1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, + the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, + non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to + exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to: + + a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or + in part; and + + b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material. + + 2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where + Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public + License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with + its terms and conditions. + + 3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section + 6(a). + + 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The + Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in + all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created, + and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The + Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or + authority to forbid You from making technical modifications + necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including + technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective + Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, + simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a) + (4) never produces Adapted Material. + + 5. Downstream recipients. + + a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every + recipient of the Licensed Material automatically + receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the + Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this + Public License. + + b. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose + any additional or different terms or conditions on, or + apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the + Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the + Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed + Material. + + 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or + may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You + are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected + with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by, + the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as + provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i). + + b. Other rights. + + 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not + licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity, + privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to + the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to + assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited + extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed + Rights, but not otherwise. + + 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this + Public License. + + 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to + collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed + Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society + under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory + licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly + reserves any right to collect such royalties. + + +Section 3 -- License Conditions. + +Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the +following conditions. + + a. Attribution. + + 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified + form), You must: + + a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor + with the Licensed Material: + + i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed + Material and any others designated to receive + attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by + the Licensor (including by pseudonym if + designated); + + ii. a copyright notice; + + iii. a notice that refers to this Public License; + + iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of + warranties; + + v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the + extent reasonably practicable; + + b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and + retain an indication of any previous modifications; and + + c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this + Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or + hyperlink to, this Public License. + + 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any + reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in + which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be + reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or + hyperlink to a resource that includes the required + information. + + 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the + information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent + reasonably practicable. + + 4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's + License You apply must not prevent recipients of the Adapted + Material from complying with this Public License. + + +Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights. + +Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that +apply to Your use of the Licensed Material: + + a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right + to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial + portion of the contents of the database; + + b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database + contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database + Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database + Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material; and + + c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share + all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database. + +For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not +replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed +Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights. + + +Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability. + + a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE + EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS + AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF + ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS, + IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION, + WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR + PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, + ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT + KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT + ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. + + b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE + TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, + NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, + INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES, + COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR + USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN + ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR + DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR + IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. + + c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided + above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent + possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and + waiver of all liability. + + +Section 6 -- Term and Termination. + + a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and + Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with + this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License + terminate automatically. + + b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under + Section 6(a), it reinstates: + + 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided + it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the + violation; or + + 2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor. + + For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any + right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations + of this Public License. + + c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the + Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop + distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so + will not terminate this Public License. + + d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public + License. + + +Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions. + + a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different + terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed. + + b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the + Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and + independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License. + + +Section 8 -- Interpretation. + + a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and + shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose + conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully + be made without permission under this Public License. + + b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is + deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the + minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision + cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License + without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and + conditions. + + c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no + failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the + Licensor. + + d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted + as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities + that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal + processes of any jurisdiction or authority. + + +======================================================================= + +Creative Commons is not a party to its public licenses. +Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public +licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be +considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons public +licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public Domain +Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material +is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise +permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at +creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the +use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo +of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, +without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications +to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, +understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For +the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public +licenses. + +Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org. diff --git a/content/paper/figure_1.ipynb b/content/paper/figure_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..56b3c33 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/paper/figure_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "241e96dd-e46c-4e6e-8488-7293b55314ba", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Import libraries\n", + "import os\n", + "import sys\n", + "import subprocess\n", + "from pathlib import Path\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "from landlab import RasterModelGrid\n", + "from landlab.components import LinearDiffuser\n", + "from landlab.components import FlowAccumulator, FastscapeEroder\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "from pyfonts import set_default_font, load_google_font\n", + "import cmcrameri.cm as cmc\n", + "from matplotlib.colors import LightSource\n", + "\n", + "# Find GRASS Python packages\n", + "sys.path.append(\n", + " subprocess.check_output(\n", + " [\"grass\", \"--config\", \"python_path\"],\n", + " text=True\n", + " ).strip()\n", + " )\n", + "\n", + "# Import GRASS packages\n", + "import grass.script as gs\n", + "import grass.jupyter as gj\n", + "from grass.tools import Tools\n", + "\n", + "# Create a temporary folder\n", + "import tempfile\n", + "temporary = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()\n", + "\n", + "# Create a project in the temporary directory\n", + "gs.create_project(path=temporary.name, name=\"erosion\", epsg=3358)\n", + "\n", + "# Start GRASS in this project\n", + "session = gj.init(Path(temporary.name, \"erosion\"))\n", + "tools = Tools()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "63418bed-f44d-47f8-8c27-9076b299354e", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Set region\n", + "rows = 200\n", + "cols = 800\n", + "res = 10\n", + "tools.g_region(s=0, w=0, n=rows * res, e=cols * res, res=res)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "4cc14b11-5c78-4e5d-ad7d-3d4fbf02a60b", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Generate fractal terrain\n", + "fractal = tools.r_surf_fractal(output=np.array, seed=6)\n", + "fractal *= 0.1\n", + "fractal = np.abs(fractal)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "0d294ef3-9565-478f-bc3d-32bc9295c05a", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Erode terrain\n", + "grid = RasterModelGrid((rows, cols), xy_spacing=res)\n", + "grid.add_field(\"topographic__elevation\", fractal.ravel(), at=\"node\")\n", + "fa = FlowAccumulator(grid, flow_director=\"D8\")\n", + "fsp = FastscapeEroder(grid, K_sp=0.01, m_sp=0.5, n_sp=1.0)\n", + "ld = LinearDiffuser(grid, linear_diffusivity=1)\n", + "for i in range(250):\n", + " fa.run_one_step()\n", + " fsp.run_one_step(dt=1.0)\n", + " ld.run_one_step(dt=1.0)\n", + "erosion = grid.at_node['topographic__elevation'].reshape(grid.shape)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "ade5c874-18a1-46eb-8cce-5bd1c17ecca6", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Model hillshading\n", + "ls = LightSource(azdeg=315, altdeg=45)\n", + "mode = \"soft\"\n", + "ve = 2\n", + "rgb = ls.shade(\n", + " erosion,\n", + " cmap=cmc.batlow,\n", + " blend_mode=mode,\n", + " vert_exag=ve,\n", + " dx=res,\n", + " dy=res\n", + " )\n", + "\n", + "# Set font\n", + "font = load_google_font(\"Fira Sans\")\n", + "set_default_font(font)\n", + "plt.rcParams.update({\"font.size\": 6})\n", + "\n", + "# Plot figure\n", + "figure = plt.figure()\n", + "ax = figure.add_subplot()\n", + "ax.set_xticks([])\n", + "ax.set_yticks([])\n", + "image = ax.imshow(erosion, cmap=cmc.batlow)\n", + "ax.imshow(rgb)\n", + "ticks = [0, 20, 40, 60]\n", + "legend = figure.colorbar(image, shrink=0.275)\n", + "legend.set_ticks(ticks)\n", + "legend.ax.tick_params(size=0)\n", + "\n", + "# Save image\n", + "figure.savefig(\n", + " \"figure_1.png\",\n", + " dpi=600,\n", + " bbox_inches=\"tight\",\n", + " )" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.12.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} diff --git a/content/paper/figure_1.png b/content/paper/figure_1.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b43c91 Binary files /dev/null and b/content/paper/figure_1.png differ diff --git a/content/paper/figure_2.png b/content/paper/figure_2.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e522e3a Binary files /dev/null and b/content/paper/figure_2.png differ diff --git a/content/paper/figure_3.ipynb b/content/paper/figure_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..131d9fa --- /dev/null +++ b/content/paper/figure_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "241e96dd-e46c-4e6e-8488-7293b55314ba", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Import libraries\n", + "import os\n", + "import sys\n", + "import subprocess\n", + "from pathlib import Path\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "import matplotlib.colors as mcolors\n", + "from pyfonts import set_default_font, load_google_font\n", + "import cmcrameri.cm as cmc\n", + "from matplotlib.colors import LightSource\n", + "\n", + "# Find GRASS Python packages\n", + "sys.path.append(\n", + " subprocess.check_output(\n", + " [\"grass\", \"--config\", \"python_path\"],\n", + " text=True\n", + " ).strip()\n", + " )\n", + "\n", + "# Import GRASS packages\n", + "import grass.script as gs\n", + "import grass.jupyter as gj\n", + "from grass.tools import Tools\n", + "import grass.script.array as ga\n", + "\n", + "# Create a temporary folder\n", + "import tempfile\n", + "temporary = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()\n", + "\n", + "# Create a project in the temporary directory\n", + "gs.create_project(path=temporary.name, name=\"mapalgebra\")\n", + "\n", + "# Start GRASS in this project\n", + "session = gj.init(Path(temporary.name, \"mapalgebra\"))\n", + "tools = Tools()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "63418bed-f44d-47f8-8c27-9076b299354e", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Set region\n", + "rows = 200\n", + "cols = 800\n", + "res = 1\n", + "tools.g_region(s=0, w=0, n=rows * res, e=cols * res, res=res)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "dac0c4b8-b25d-4dba-8f15-5e8f3278d4d7", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Generate fractal terrain\n", + "tools.r_surf_fractal(output=\"fractal\", dimension=2.25, seed=39)\n", + "tools.r_mapcalc(expression=\"elevation = fractal / 10\", overwrite=True)\n", + "tools.r_mapcalc(expression=\"elevation = abs(elevation)\", overwrite=True)\n", + "tools.r_mapcalc(expression=\"elevation = if(elevation > 30, 30, elevation)\", overwrite=True)\n", + "tools.r_relief(input=\"elevation\", output=\"relief\", zscale=1)\n", + "\n", + "# Convert to array\n", + "elevation = ga.array(\"elevation\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "a1ae5cd1-e325-460f-8d54-fab0a176aa90", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Visualize\n", + "m = gj.Map(width=800)\n", + "m.d_rast(map=\"elevation\")\n", + "m.d_legend(raster=\"elevation\", at=(5, 95, 1, 3))\n", + "m.show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "66aba7e8-7413-463e-b33a-37e285fc5306", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Model hillshading\n", + "ls = LightSource(azdeg=315, altdeg=45)\n", + "mode = \"soft\"\n", + "ve = 2\n", + "rgb = ls.shade(\n", + " elevation,\n", + " cmap=cmc.bukavu,\n", + " blend_mode=mode,\n", + " vert_exag=ve,\n", + " dx=res,\n", + " dy=res\n", + " )\n", + "\n", + "# Set font\n", + "font = load_google_font(\"Fira Sans\")\n", + "set_default_font(font)\n", + "plt.rcParams.update({\"font.size\": 6})\n", + "\n", + "# Normalize colors\n", + "norm = mcolors.TwoSlopeNorm(vmin=0, vcenter=10, vmax=30)\n", + "norm(elevation)\n", + "\n", + "# Plot figure\n", + "figure = plt.figure()\n", + "ax = figure.add_subplot()\n", + "ax.set_xticks([])\n", + "ax.set_yticks([])\n", + "image = ax.imshow(elevation, cmap=cmc.bukavu, norm=norm)\n", + "ax.imshow(rgb)\n", + "ticks = [0, 10, 30]\n", + "legend = figure.colorbar(image, shrink=0.275)\n", + "legend.ax.tick_params(size=0)\n", + "legend.set_ticks(ticks)\n", + "\n", + "# Save image\n", + "figure.savefig(\n", + " \"figure_3.png\",\n", + " dpi=600,\n", + " bbox_inches=\"tight\",\n", + " )" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.12.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} diff --git a/content/paper/figure_3.png b/content/paper/figure_3.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c70163 Binary files /dev/null and b/content/paper/figure_3.png differ diff --git a/content/paper/figure_4.ipynb b/content/paper/figure_4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba3ebba --- /dev/null +++ b/content/paper/figure_4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,182 @@ +{ + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "241e96dd-e46c-4e6e-8488-7293b55314ba", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Import libraries\n", + "import os\n", + "import sys\n", + "import subprocess\n", + "from pathlib import Path\n", + "import numpy as np\n", + "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", + "from pyfonts import set_default_font, load_google_font\n", + "import cmcrameri.cm as cmc\n", + "\n", + "# Find GRASS Python packages\n", + "sys.path.append(\n", + " subprocess.check_output(\n", + " [\"grass\", \"--config\", \"python_path\"],\n", + " text=True\n", + " ).strip()\n", + " )\n", + "\n", + "# Import GRASS packages\n", + "import grass.script as gs\n", + "import grass.jupyter as gj\n", + "from grass.tools import Tools\n", + "import grass.script.array as ga\n", + "\n", + "# Create a temporary folder\n", + "import tempfile\n", + "temporary = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()\n", + "\n", + "# Create a project in the temporary directory\n", + "gs.create_project(path=temporary.name, name=\"noise\")\n", + "\n", + "# Start GRASS in this project\n", + "session = gj.init(Path(temporary.name, \"noise\"))\n", + "tools = Tools()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "63418bed-f44d-47f8-8c27-9076b299354e", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Set region\n", + "rows = 200\n", + "cols = 800\n", + "res = 1\n", + "tools.g_region(s=0, w=0, n=rows * res, e=cols * res, res=res)" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "456619cf-b490-46de-a0eb-610eec62bc12", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# import libraries\n", + "import random\n", + "\n", + "# Set parameters\n", + "seed = 0\n", + "amplitude = 100.0\n", + "iterations = 3\n", + "wavelength = 33\n", + "octaves = 6\n", + "lacunarity = 0.5\n", + "gain = 0.2\n", + "\n", + "# Generate zeros\n", + "tools.r_mapcalc(expression=\"fbm = 0\")\n", + "\n", + "# Generate fractional Brownian motion\n", + "for octave in range(octaves):\n", + "\n", + " # Generate random surface\n", + " tools.r_mapcalc(\n", + " expression=f\"noise = rand(-{amplitude}, {amplitude})\",\n", + " seed=seed\n", + " )\n", + " \n", + " # Generate gradient noise\n", + " for i in range(iterations):\n", + " \n", + " # Smooth noise\n", + " tools.r_neighbors(\n", + " input=\"noise\",\n", + " output=\"noise\",\n", + " size=wavelength,\n", + " method=\"average\",\n", + " flags=\"c\",\n", + " overwrite=True\n", + " )\n", + "\n", + " # Calculate sum of gradient noise maps\n", + " tools.r_mapcalc(expression=\"fbm = fbm + noise\")\n", + "\n", + " # Increment parameters\n", + " amplitude = amplitude * gain\n", + " wavelength = round(wavelength * lacunarity)\n", + " if wavelength % 2 == 0:\n", + " wavelength += 1\n", + "\n", + "# Visualize\n", + "m = gj.Map(width=800)\n", + "m.d_rast(map=\"fbm\")\n", + "m.d_legend(raster=\"fbm\", at=(5, 95, 1, 3))\n", + "m.show()" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "dac0c4b8-b25d-4dba-8f15-5e8f3278d4d7", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Convert to array\n", + "fbm = ga.array(\"fbm\")" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "execution_count": null, + "id": "357653d6-370f-4259-b3e7-3bff84d7f109", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [], + "source": [ + "# Set font\n", + "font = load_google_font(\"Fira Sans\")\n", + "set_default_font(font)\n", + "plt.rcParams.update({\"font.size\": 6})\n", + "\n", + "# Plot figure\n", + "figure = plt.figure()\n", + "ax = figure.add_subplot()\n", + "ax.set_xticks([])\n", + "ax.set_yticks([])\n", + "image = ax.imshow(fbm, cmap=cmc.devon)\n", + "legend = figure.colorbar(image, shrink=0.275)\n", + "legend.ax.tick_params(size=0)\n", + "\n", + "# Save image\n", + "figure.savefig(\n", + " \"figure_4.png\",\n", + " dpi=600,\n", + " bbox_inches=\"tight\",\n", + " )" + ] + } + ], + "metadata": { + "kernelspec": { + "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)", + "language": "python", + "name": "python3" + }, + "language_info": { + "codemirror_mode": { + "name": "ipython", + "version": 3 + }, + "file_extension": ".py", + "mimetype": "text/x-python", + "name": "python", + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", + "version": "3.12.11" + } + }, + "nbformat": 4, + "nbformat_minor": 5 +} diff --git a/content/paper/figure_4.png b/content/paper/figure_4.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..50c150e Binary files /dev/null and b/content/paper/figure_4.png differ diff --git a/content/paper/paper.bib b/content/paper/paper.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0ce8bc --- /dev/null +++ b/content/paper/paper.bib @@ -0,0 +1,246 @@ +@software{Quarto, +author = {Allaire, J.J. and Teague, Charles and Scheidegger, Carlos and Xie, Yihui and Dervieux, Christophe and Woodhull, Gordon}, +doi = {10.5281/zenodo.5960048}, +month = {9}, +title = {{Quarto}}, +url = {https://github.com/quarto-dev/quarto-cli}, +version = {1.8}, +year = {2025} +} + +@article{Barba:2022, +author = {Lorena A. Barba and Lecia J. Barker and Douglas S. Blank and Jed Brown and Allen Downey and Timothy George and Lindsey J. Heagy and Kyle Mandli and Jason K. Moore and David Lippert and Kyle Niemeyer and Ryan Watkins and Richard West and Elizabeth Wickes and Carol Willling and Michael Zingale}, +title = {{Teaching and Learning with Jupyter}}, +year = {2022}, +month = {4}, +url = "https://jupyter4edu.github.io/jupyter-edu-book/", +doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.19608801.v1} +} + +@article{Barnhart:2020, +title={Landlab v2. 0: a software package for Earth surface dynamics}, +author={ +Barnhart, Katherine R +and Hutton, Eric WH +and Tucker, Gregory E +and Gasparini, Nicole M +and Istanbulluoglu, Erkan +and Hobley, Daniel EJ +and Lyons, Nathan J +and Mouchene, Margaux +and Nudurupati, Sai Siddhartha +and Adams, Jordan M +and Bandaragoda, Christina +}, +journal={Earth Surface Dynamics}, +volume={8}, +number={2}, +pages={379--397}, +year={2020}, +publisher={Copernicus GmbH}, +doi={10.5194/esurf-8-379-2020} +} + +@article{Gebbert:2017, +author = {Gebbert, S\"{o}ren and Pebesma, Edzer}, +title = {The GRASS GIS temporal framework}, +year = {2017}, +publisher = {Taylor \& Francis, Inc.}, +address = {USA}, +volume = {31}, +number = {7}, +issn = {1365-8816}, +doi = {10.1080/13658816.2017.1306862}, +journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science}, +month = {7}, +pages = {1273--1292}, +numpages = {20} +} + +@software{GRASS, +author = {{GRASS Development Team} and Landa, Martin and Neteler, Markus and Metz, Markus and Petrasova, Anna and Petras, Vaclav and Clements, Glynn and Zigo, Tomas and Larsson, Nicklas and Kladivova, Linda and Haedrich, Caitlin and Blumentrath, Stefan and Andreo, Veronica and Cho, Huidae and Gebbert, Sören and Nartiss, Māris and Kudrnovsky, Helmut and Delucchi, Luca and Zambelli, Pietro and Lennert, Moritz and Mitasova, Helena and Chemin, Yann and Pesek, Ondřej and Barton, Michael and Tawalika, Carmen and Ovsienko, Denis and Bowman, Hamish}, +doi = {10.5281/zenodo.4621728}, +license = {GPL-2.0-or-later}, +title = {{GRASS GIS}}, +year = {2025}, +url = {https://github.com/OSGeo/grass}, +version = {8.4.0} +} + +@article{Haedrich:2023, +author = {Haedrich, Caitlin and Petras, Vaclav and Petrasova, Anna and Blumentrath, Stefan and Mitasova, Helena}, +title = {Integrating GRASS GIS and Jupyter Notebooks to facilitate advanced geospatial modeling education}, +journal = {Transactions in GIS}, +volume = {27}, +number = {3}, +pages = {686--702}, +doi = {10.1111/tgis.13031}, +year = {2023} +} + +@article{Harris:2020, +title = {Array programming with {NumPy}}, +author = { +Charles R. Harris +and K. Jarrod Millman +and St{\'{e}}fan J. van der Walt +and Ralf Gommers +and Pauli Virtanen +and David Cournapeau +and Eric Wieser +and Julian Taylor +and Sebastian Berg +and Nathaniel J. Smith +and Robert Kern +and Matti Picus +and Stephan Hoyer +and Marten H. van Kerkwijk +and Matthew Brett +and Allan Haldane +and Jaime Fern{\'{a}}ndez del R{\'{i}}o +and Mark Wiebe +and Pearu Peterson +and Pierre G{\'{e}}rard-Marchant +and Kevin Sheppard +and Tyler Reddy +and Warren Weckesser +and Hameer Abbasi +and Christoph Gohlke +and Travis E. Oliphant +}, +year = {2020}, +month = {7}, +journal = {Nature}, +volume = {585}, +number = {7825}, +pages = {357--362}, +doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2}, +publisher = {Springer} +} + +@book{NRC:2010, +author = {{National Research Council}}, +title = {Report of a Workshop on the Scope and Nature of Computational Thinking}, +isbn = {978-0-309-14957-0}, +doi = {10.17226/12840}, +year = {2010}, +publisher = {The National Academies Press}, +address = {Washington, DC} +} + +@book{Neteler:2008, +title = {Open Source GIS: A GRASS GIS Approach}, +author = {Neteler, Markus and Mitasova, Helena}, +isbn = {978-0-387-35767-6}, +doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-68574-8}, +year = {2008}, +publisher = {Springer} +} + +@inproceedings{Neteler:2019, +author = { +Neteler, Markus and +Gebbert, Sören and +Tawalika, Carmen and +Bettge, Anika and +Benelcadi, Hajar and +Löw, Fabian and +Adams, Till and +Paulsen, Hinrich +}, +title = {Actinia: cloud based geoprocessing}, +booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 conference on Big Data from Space (BiDS'2019)}, +year = {2019}, +pages = {41--44}, +publisher = {P. Soille, S. Loekken, and S. Albani (Eds.)}, +month = {2}, +venue = {Munich, Germany}, +doi = {10.5281/zenodo.2631917} +} + +@article{Petras:2015, +author = {Petras, Vaclav and Petrasova, Anna and Harmon, Brendan A. and Meentemeyer, Ross K. and Mitasova, Helena}, +title = {Integrating Free and Open Source Solutions into Geospatial Science Education}, +journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information}, +volume = {4}, +year = {2015}, +number = {2}, +pages = {942--956}, +doi = {10.3390/ijgi4020942} +} + +@book{Petrasova:2018, +author = {Petrasova, Anna and Harmon, Brendan and Petras, Vaclav and Tabrizian, Payam and Mitasova, Helena}, +edition = {2}, +isbn = {9783319893020}, +doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-89303-7}, +publisher = {Springer}, +title = {{Tangible Modeling with Open Source GIS}}, +year = {2018} +} + +@article{Weintrop:2016, +title = {Defining computational thinking for mathematics and science classrooms}, +author = {Weintrop, David and Beheshti, Elham and Horn, Michael and Orton, Kai and Jona, Kemi and Trouille, Laura and Wilensky, Uri}, +journal = {Journal of science education and technology}, +volume = {25}, +number = {1}, +pages = {127--147}, +year = {2016}, +publisher = {Springer}, +doi = {10.1007/s10956-015-9581-5} +} + +@inproceedings{Westervelt:2004, +title = {GRASS Roots}, +author = {Westervelt, James}, +booktitle = {Proceedings of the FOSS/GRASS user conference}, +address = {Bangkok, Thailand}, +month = {7}, +year = {2004}, +url = {https://grass.osgeo.org/files/westervelt2004_GRASS_roots.pdf} +} + +@article{White:2023, +title = {An open-source platform for geospatial participatory modeling in the cloud}, +journal = {Environmental Modelling & Software}, +volume = {167}, +pages = {105767}, +year = {2023}, +issn = {1364-8152}, +doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105767}, +author = {Corey T. White and Anna Petrasova and Vaclav Petras and Laura G. Tateosian and Jelena Vukomanovic and Helena Mitasova and Ross K. Meentemeyer}, +} + +@misc{Andreo:2023a, +author = {Andreo, Veronica}, +year = 2023, +title = {Using Satellite Data for Species Distribution Modeling with GRASS GIS and R}, +url = {https://veroandreo.github.io/grass_ncsu_2023/studio_index.html}, +urldate = {2025-12-11} +} + +@misc{Andreo:2023b, +author = {Andreo, Veronica}, +year = 2023, +title = {Procesamiento y analisis de series temporales con GRASS GIS}, +url = {https://veroandreo.github.io/curso-grass-gis/}, +urldate = {2025-12-11} +} + +@misc{Harmon:2020, +author = {Harmon, Brendan}, +year = 2020, +title = {GIS for Designers}, +url = {https://baharmon.github.io/gis-for-designers}, +urldate = {2025-12-11} +} + +@misc{Petrasova:2019, +author = {Petrasova, Anna and Petras, Vaclav}, +year = 2019, +title = {FUTURES Model Introduction Using Jupyter Notebook}, +url = {https://github.com/ncsu-landscape-dynamics/futures-model-intro-notebook}, +urldate = {2025-12-11} +} + diff --git a/content/paper/paper.md b/content/paper/paper.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b08807 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/paper/paper.md @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +--- +title: 'Tutorials for the GRASS geocomputation engine' +tags: + - GRASS +authors: + - name: Brendan A. Harmon + orcid: 0000-0002-6218-9318 + affiliation: 1 + - name: Veronica Andreo + orcid: 0000-0002-4633-2161 + affiliation: 2 + - name: Anna Petrasova + orcid: 0000-0002-5120-5538 + affiliation: 3 + - name: Vaclav Petras + orcid: 0000-0001-5566-9236 + affiliation: 3 + - name: Caitlin Haedrich + orcid: 0000-0003-4373-5691 + affiliation: 3 + - name: Corey White + orcid: 0000-0002-2903-9924 + affiliation: 3 +affiliations: + - name: Louisiana State University, United States + index: 1 + ror: 05ect4e57 + - name: Instituto Gulich, Argentina + index: 2 + ror: 00pw52a85 + - name: North Carolina State University, United States + index: 3 + ror: 04tj63d06 +date: 2 September 2025 +bibliography: paper.bib + +--- + +![An example of fractal terrain generated with GRASS and eroded with LandLab from a [tutorial](https://grass-tutorials.osgeo.org/content/tutorials/numpy_integration/grass_numpy_integration.html) on scientific modeling. This tutorial demonstrates a seamless workflow for scientific modeling in Python, showing how gridded data can be passed as arrays between GRASS, NumPy [@Harris:2020], and Landlab [@Barnhart:2020]. \label{fig:figure_1}](figure_1.png){ width=100% } + +# Summary + +This collection of tutorials is an introduction to the GRASS geospatial processing engine. GRASS is an open source computational engine for spatiotemporal data management, analysis, modeling, and simulation [@GRASS; @Neteler:2008]. As an engine that can be integrated in data science pipelines with shell scripting, Python, R, Jupyter, and Colab, there are many ways to use GRASS. While GRASS already had extensive documentation of individual processing tools, tutorials were needed to introduce the many ways to interface with the tools and combine them into computational workflows (\autoref{fig:figure_1}). These open education tutorials - which cover integrations, core features, and disciplinary applications - were developed as part of an effort to grow the GRASS community. The tutorials are built with Quarto and are deployed as webpages paired, when appropriate, with Jupyter computational notebooks. The tutorials are available at https://grass-tutorials.osgeo.org under both the GNU Free Documentation License v1.2 or later and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. + +# Statement of Need + +As GRASS has grown from its roots as a geographic information system [@Westervelt:2004], it has evolved into a geocomputational engine with many interfaces. As an engine, it can be integrated in geospatial data science pipelines using shell scripting, application programming interfaces, tangible interfaces [@Petrasova:2018], computational notebooks [@Haedrich:2023], cloud computing environments [@Neteler:2019; @White:2023], or high performance computing environments. While GRASS is well documented with books, a user manual, developer manuals, and a wiki, it lacked official tutorials. Over the years, the community developed many tutorials across different platforms, but as these are independently maintained, many have become outdated and obsolete. The current roadmap for GRASS – established in 2024 – calls for official new tutorials to encourage community growth and demonstrate integrations in data science pipelines. + +The design and implementation of the new official tutorials for GRASS was based on experience teaching university courses and conference workshops using open educational resources. Over the last decade, the GRASS community has developed many open educational resources, experimenting with delivery via web documents, computational notebooks, and cloud computing services. Online tutorials for GRASS have been built from source in HTML [@Petras:2015], built from Markdown with a static site generator [@Harmon:2020], included Jupyter notebooks [@Haedrich:2023], and used cloud computing services such as Binder [@Petrasova:2019], Whole Tale [@Andreo:2023a], and Google Colab [@Andreo:2023b]. @Petras:2015 used a modular structure with tabsets to teach the core interfaces for GRASS – the GUI, CLI, and Python API – separating explanatory text introducing geospatial concepts from software specific text for each interface. This scaffolding helps learners to focus on concepts, while building their skills with increasingly complex interfaces. @Haedrich:2023 developed the GRASS–Jupyter integration to incorporate more scripting into a graduate-level course on geospatial computing and simulation. The package extends the existing GRASS Python APIs with data visualization and management tools for the Jupyter environment. The new course materials include Jupyter Notebooks that combine tutorials and assignments, allowing students to write and modify code, interact with examples, and explain their reasoning in markdown, all within a single document. Based on these experiences, our design principles for the new tutorials include teaching geospatial concepts discretely from software specifics to encourage spatial thinking, supporting live coding to encourage computational thinking, and using an open source publishing system to build documents from plain text tracked with version control. + +![An example of image fusion of principal components analysis of multi-band images of the San Francisco volcanic field from a [tutorial](https://grass-tutorials.osgeo.org/content/tutorials/remote_sensing_visualization/GRASS_remotesensing.html) introducing the basics of remote sensing in GRASS. This tutorial demonstrates how to process and visualize multi-band remote sensing imagery. \label{fig:figure_2}](figure_2.png){ width=100% } + +# Description + +## Learning Objectives + +This collection of tutorials was designed to teach geocomputational thinking using the GRASS geoprocessing engine. To introduce computational approaches to thinking [@NRC:2010; @Weintrop:2016] about space and time, the tutorials cover the fundamentals of geoprocessing with GRASS, integrations of GRASS into data science pipelines, and disciplinary applications of GRASS. The tutorials were designed for self-study by learners of all levels, integration into courses, and deployment in workshops. + +## Instructional Design + +In order to teach a computational approach to thinking about spatiotemporal phenomena through different interfaces to the GRASS engine, the tutorials were designed: + +* as modules for reuse and remixing, +* as worked examples to reduce cognitive load, +* as interactive lessons for active learning and engagement, +* as scaffolded prose and code to structure learning, +* and as computable content to teach computational thinking. + +Drawing on the education benefits of computational notebooks [@Barba:2022], the tutorials introduce geocomputational concepts through worked examples that synthesize prose explanations, graphics, and executable code. The tutorials, which range from introductory to advanced, have a modular design for reuse and remixing so that learners can choose their own course of study and teachers can select modules for their lesson plans. The tutorials build in complexity from introductory to core to disciplinary modules. A set of getting-started tutorials introduce different ways to interface with the GRASS engine. The core tutorials cover important concepts such as geovisualization (\autoref{fig:figure_2}), map algebra (\autoref{fig:figure_3}), geospatial modeling, and the temporal framework. Disciplinary tutorials demonstrate applications for GRASS in domains such as climatology, ecology, hydrology, geomorphology, and terrain generation (\autoref{fig:figure_4}). The disciplinary tutorials build engagement by working through applications in the learner’s domain and thus motivate further exploration. Throughout the tutorials, different ways to interface with GRASS are presented as tabs in code blocks, so that learners can work their way through the same tutorial repeatedly using increasingly challenging interfaces – building proficiency first with the graphical user interface (GUI), then with the command line interface (CLI), and finally with the Python or R application programming interfaces (API). + +![An example of synthetic terrain generated using map algebra from a [tutorial](https://grass-tutorials.osgeo.org/content/tutorials/map_algebra/basic_map_algebra.html) introducing the basics of map algebra in GRASS. This tutorial demonstrates local algebraic operations using the raster map calculator, focal operations using nearest neighbors analysis, zonal operations using conditional statements with the raster map calculator, and global operations using raster metadata. \label{fig:figure_3}](figure_3.png){ width=100% } + +## Implementation + +To reach a broad audience, the tutorials in this collection are published as web documents for immediate, easy access via web browsers. When appropriate, web documents are accompanied by a downloadable computational notebook, encouraging interactivity, engagement, and geocomputational thinking. The tutorials – which are built and deployed using the Quarto scientific publishing system [@Quarto] – are written in Markdown with YAML frontmatter. Tutorials are composed in Markdown for human-readable source code, efficient version control, executable code blocks for different interfaces, rendering in multiple formats, and reproducibility. As this open education project aims to teach different ways to interface with GRASS, executable code for multiple relevant interfaces such as the GUI, CLI, Python, or R can be included in tutorials as tabsets. Once tutorials have been written, they are reviewed by the GRASS Development Team, rendered as web documents and Jupyter notebooks, and deployed to an Open Source Geospatial Foundation website. The source code for the tutorials is built in the GitHub [repository](https://github.com/OSGeo/grass-tutorials) and deployed to the website using GitHub Actions. + +![An example of fractional Brownian motion from a [tutorial](https://grass-tutorials.osgeo.org//content/tutorials/noise/noise.html) introducing procedural noise in GRASS. This tutorial demonstrates stochastic functions for procedurally generating data. \label{fig:figure_4}](figure_4.png){ width=100% } + +## Content + +This official collection of tutorials is maintained by the GRASS Development Team as part of the documentation for the GRASS geocomputational engine (\autoref{table:official}). This ensures that tutorials are standardized, undergo rigorous review, and are maintained and updated as GRASS evolves. The website also includes a curated collection of external tutorials that are hosted and maintained by their creators (\autoref{table:external}). + +: Official GRASS tutorials \label{table:official} + +| Modules | Tutorials | Level | Lang. | +|--------------|---------------------------------------------------------|-------|---------| +| Integrations | Get started with GRASS GUI | Beg | En | +| | Get started with GRASS & Python in Jupyter Notebooks | Beg | En | +| | Get started with GRASS in Google Colab | Beg | En | +| | Getting started with GRASS for Conda | Beg | En | +| | Get started with GRASS in Jupyter Notebooks on Windows | Beg | En | +| | Quick comparison: R and Python GRASS interfaces | Int | En | +| | Get started with GRASS & R: the rgrass package | Adv | En | +| Core | Basics of map algebra | Beg | En | +| | Making plots with GRASS | Beg | En | +| | Visualizing and modeling terrain from DEMs | Beg | En & Pt | +| | Introduction to remote sensing with GRASS | Beg | En & Pt | +| | Making thematic maps | Beg | En | +| | Introduction to time series in GRASS | Int | En | +| | Temporal subset, import and export | Int | En | +| | Temporal aggregations | Adv | En | +| | Temporal algebra | Adv | En | +| | Temporal accumulation | Adv | En | +| | Temporal gap-filling | Adv | En | +| | Temporal query with vector data | Adv | En | +| | Modeling movement in GRASS | Adv | En & Pt | +| Disciplinary | Basic earthworks | Beg | En | +| | Gully modeling | Beg | En | +| | Coastal infrastructure | Beg | En | +| | Terrain synthesis | Int | En | +| | Procedural noise | Int | En | +| | Hydro-flattening a digital elevation model | Int | En | +| | Using GRASS, NumPy, and Landlab for scientific modeling | Int | En | +| | fasterRaster: faster raster processing in R using GRASS | Int | En | +| | Estimating wind fetch | Adv | En | +| | Parallelization of overland flow simulation | Adv | En | + +: External tutorials \label{table:external} + +| Modules | Tutorials | No. | Level | Lang. | +|--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|-----|---------|---------| +| Integrations | Unleash the power of GRASS | 5 | Beg-Adv | En | +| | GRASS for remote sensing data processing with Jupyter Notebooks | 1 | Adv | En | +| Core | NCSU geospatial modeling and analysis course | 13 | Beg-Int | En | +| | Geoprocessamento com GRASS | 1 | Beg-Int | Pt | +| | Tutoriales de GRASS en grasswiki | 4 | Beg-Int | Es | +| | GISMentors | 30 | Beg-Adv | En & Cs | +| Disciplinary | Deforestation study using GRASS | 1 | Beg | En | +| | Teledetección, OBIA y series de tiempo | 5 | Beg-Adv | Es | +| | GIS for designers | 12 | Beg-Int | En | +| | GRASS for environmental monitoring and disease ecology | 2 | Beg-Int | En | +| | Processing lidar and UAV point clouds | 1 | Beg-Int | En | +| | Physically-based hydrologic modeling using GRASS r.topmodel | 1 | Int | En | +| | Spatio-temporal data handling and visualization | 1 | Int | En | +| | Ecodiv.earth tutorials | 16 | Beg-Adv | En | +| | Urban growth modeling with FUTURES | 1 | Adv | En | + +## Acknowledgements + +The development of the tutorial platform and the majority of the tutorials presented in this collection were supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award No. [2303651](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2303651). This grant directly funded the development of tutorials and also funded mentor support for community contributors working on tutorial content. Two tutorials received additional partial support from NSF Award No. [2322073](https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2322073) granted to Natrx, Inc. Another tutorial was developed with combined support from NSF Award No. 2322073 and USDA NRCS Award No. NR233A750023C043. We thank the GRASS development team and the broader GRASS community for their continued support and contributions to this educational effort. + +## References diff --git a/content/paper/paper.pdf b/content/paper/paper.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..20a7431 Binary files /dev/null and b/content/paper/paper.pdf differ