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| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +layout: src/layouts/Default.astro |
| 3 | +pubDate: 2025-03-07 |
| 4 | +modDate: 2025-03-07 |
| 5 | +title: Dynamic workers |
| 6 | +navOrder: 45 |
| 7 | +description: Describes what dynamic workers are, how they work, their limitations and other worker type options available for Octopus Cloud |
| 8 | +--- |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +[Workers](docs/infrastructure/workers) are machines that can execute tasks that don’t need to be run on the Octopus Server or individual deployment targets. |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +There are 2 types of worker you can use in Octopus Cloud - external workers and dynamic workers. |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +The most flexible type of worker are [external workers](docs/infrastructure/workers#external-workers), which are machines, provided by the customer, accessed from Octopus Cloud via Windows or Linux Tentacle, via SSH, or via [Kubernetes workers](/docs/infrastructure/workers/kubernetes-worker). |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +External workers are recommended when the customer needs full control of |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +- worker resourcing |
| 19 | +- worker configuration |
| 20 | +- worker life-cycle |
| 21 | +- installed software |
| 22 | +- the number of workers that are available |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | +Our larger customers often prefer external workers for these reasons. We recommend customers consider [Kubernetes workers](https://octopus.com/blog/kubernetes-worker) particularly where workloads require flexible scalability of compute resources. |
| 25 | + |
| 26 | +The other type of worker available on Octopus Cloud are dynamic workers. |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +:::div{.hint} |
| 29 | +Self-hosted Octopus Server customers have access to a third type of worker, known as built-in workers. Built-in workers are processes that run on the same machine as Octopus Server. Built-in workers are **not** available to Octopus Cloud customers for security and performance reasons. |
| 30 | +::: |
| 31 | + |
| 32 | +## What you get with dynamic workers |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +Dynamic workers are isolated virtual machines, hosted and created on-demand by Octopus to run your deployments and runbook steps. Dynamic workers are provided as part of your Octopus Cloud subscription. |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +Customers may choose between Windows and Ubuntu virtual machine images for their dynamic workers. Octopus provides a [dynamic worker pool](/docs/infrastructure/workers/dynamic-worker-pools) of these virtual machines from which, as required, your Octopus Cloud will lease a freshly provisioned dynamic worker VM. Leases are held for a maximum of 72 hours. |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +## Limitations of dynamic workers |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +### Resourcing |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +Your Octopus Cloud [task cap](/docs/octopus-cloud/task-cap) determines the resources available to your dynamic worker. As at January 2025, dynamic worker virtual machines are resourced as follows. These specifications may be adjusted over time. |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | +| Task cap | vCPUs (Qty.) | Memory (GB) | |
| 45 | +| -----: | ------: | ------: | |
| 46 | +| 5 | 2 | 4 | |
| 47 | +| 10 | 4 | 8 | |
| 48 | +| 20 | 4 | 8 | |
| 49 | +| 40 | 8 | 16 | |
| 50 | +| 80 | 16 | 32 | |
| 51 | +| 160 | 32 | 64 | |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | +:::div{.hint} |
| 54 | +We recommend customers who would benefit from scalable workers consider [Kubernetes workers](/docs/infrastructure/workers/kubernetes-worker) over dynamic workers. Kubernetes workers allow worker operations to be executed within a Kubernetes cluster in a scalable manner, allowing compute resources used during the execution of a Deployment process (or runbook) to be released when the Deployment completes. |
| 55 | +::: |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +### Life-cycle |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +Dynamic workers are created on demand and leased to an Octopus Cloud instance for a limited time [before being destroyed](/docs/infrastructure/workers/dynamic-worker-pools#on-demand). Dynamic workers are destroyed when they have been idle for 60 minutes or when they reached 72 hours of existence. All data written to disk is lost upon worker destruction. |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | +### Installed software |
| 62 | + |
| 63 | +Dynamic workers come with a small number of [baseline tools](/docs/infrastructure/workers/dynamic-worker-pools#available-dynamic-worker-images) installed. The version of baseline tools may be updated between worker leases. |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +We do not recommend installing additional software on dynamic workers. Instead, we suggest you leverage [execution containers for workers](/docs/projects/steps/execution-containers-for-workers). Octopus provides execution containers with a baseline of tools pre-installed. Customers with specific software needs may also use [custom Docker images](/docs/projects/steps/execution-containers-for-workers/#custom-docker-images) to use as execution containers. |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +### IP addresses |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +Dynamic workers are assigned IP addresses outside the static IP range of your Octopus Cloud Server. If a known/static IP is required for your worker, please consider provisioning your own external worker. |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +## Let us know what you want for the future of dynamic workers |
| 72 | + |
| 73 | +We are interested in hearing from customers who would value a higher specification of dynamic worker. Perhaps more highly resourced dynamic workers would be helpful, or workers with additional security features. If this interests you, please vote on our [Higher resourced, more secure dynamic workers](https://roadmap.octopus.com/c/189-higher-resourced-more-secure-dynamic-workers-for-octopus-cloud?&utm_medium=social&utm_source=starter_share) roadmap item and share with us how dynamic workers can better assist your deployment success. |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +## Learn more |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +- [Dynamic worker pools](/docs/infrastructure/workers/dynamic-worker-pools) |
| 78 | +- [Execution containers](/docs/projects/steps/execution-containers-for-workers) |
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