refactor: use `{path, type, integer}` for start_bindings instead of just integers to avoid shadowing

[barnabasJ]

In specific cases, an SQL query can reference the wrong table because the bindings are shadowed by a join/subquery. Using a more specific identifier for the binding should avoid shadowing.

[zachdaniel]

We've solved this for likely all realistic scenarios, but fundamentally this is still something that we should do. It should make query building also that much more simple. At any given point we should know what point in the query we are, and no need to increment integers. Would be quite a bit of drudgery, but would be a great change for simplicity!