[SYCL][E2E] Add test demonstrating problems with std::array in device code on Windows (#18426)

This PR is meant to accompany intel/llvm#18400:
It demonstrates that we currently have compile issues with MSVC when
using `std::array` in device code on windows.

Author: ianayl

sycl/test-e2e/Basic/std_array.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// REQUIRES: windows
+
+// RUN: not clang-cl -fsycl -o %t.exe %s /Od /MDd /Zi /EHsc 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+// FIXME: This code should have compiled cleanly.
+// CHECK: error: SYCL kernel cannot call an undefined function without SYCL_EXTERNAL attribute
+// CHECK: note: '_invalid_parameter' declared here
+
+#include <sycl/queue.hpp>
+
+int main() {
+  sycl::queue q;
+
+  q.single_task([=]() {
+    std::array<int, 5> arr = {1, 2, 0, 4, 5};
+    arr[2] = 3;
+  });
+
+  return 0;
+}