From 8f383747be91839f8fbde8954808fd2c2ee48441 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 01:16:17 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 01/35] feat: add blas/ext/base/ddiff

---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md     | 391 ++++++++++
 .../ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js     | 124 ++++
 .../base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js  | 129 ++++
 .../base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js | 124 ++++
 .../benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js     | 129 ++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile  | 146 ++++
 .../base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c | 273 +++++++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp   | 170 +++++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt | 188 +++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts | 153 ++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts    | 685 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile   | 146 ++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c  |  45 ++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js     |  45 ++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include.gypi  |  53 ++
 .../include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h      |  46 ++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js  |  77 ++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js   |  71 ++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js  |  65 ++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/main.js   |  35 +
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/native.js |  35 +
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        | 252 +++++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js |  76 ++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json |  78 ++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/package.json  |  74 ++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile  |  70 ++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c   |  86 +++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    | 247 +++++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js    | 218 ++++++
 .../ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js  | 227 ++++++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.js  |  82 +++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js  | 248 +++++++
 .../base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js    | 257 +++++++
 33 files changed, 5045 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include.gypi
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/main.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/native.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/package.json
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5678bdae5954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+<!--
+
+@license Apache-2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+
+-->
+
+# ddiff
+
+> Calculate the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+
+<section class="usage">
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var ddiff = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff' );
+```
+
+<!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
+
+#### ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW )
+
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+var out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+The function has the following parameters:
+
+-   **N**: number of indexed elements.
+-   **k**: number of times to recursively compute differences.
+-   **x**: input [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideX**: stride length for `x`.
+-   **N1**: number of elements to `prepend`.
+-   **prepend**: a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: stride length for `prepend`.
+-   **N2**: number of elements to `append`.
+-   **append**: a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
+-   **strideA**: strides length for `append`.
+-   **out**: output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideOut**: stride length for `out`.
+-   **workspace**: workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideW**: stride length for `workspace`.
+
+The `N` and stride parameters determine which elements in the strided array are accessed at runtime. For example, to differences of every other element:
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] )
+var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+var out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+var w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+Note that indexing is relative to the first index. To introduce an offset, use [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+// Initial array...
+var x0 = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+
+// Create an offset view...
+var x1 = new Float64Array( x0.buffer, x0.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT*1 ); // start at 2nd element
+
+var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] )
+var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+var w = new Float64Array( 5 );
+
+ddiff( x1.length, 1, x1, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// out => <Float64Array>[ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 11.0 ]
+```
+
+<!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
+
+#### ddiff.ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW )
+
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+var out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+The function has the following additional parameters:
+
+-   **offsetX**: starting index for `x`.
+-   **offsetP**: starting index for `prepend`.
+-   **offsetA**: starting index for `append`.
+-   **offsetOut**: starting index for `out`.
+-   **offsetW**: starting index of `workspace`.
+
+While [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views mandate a view offset based on the underlying buffer, the offset parameter supports indexing semantics based on a starting index. For example, to access only the last three elements:
+
+```javascript
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+
+var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] )
+var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+var out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+var w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+ddiff( 3, 1, x, 1, x.length-3, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+console.log( out );
+// out => <Float64Array>[ 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.usage -->
+
+<section class="notes">
+
+## Notes
+
+-   If `N <= 0`, both functions return `x` unchanged.
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.notes -->
+
+<section class="examples">
+
+## Examples
+
+<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->
+
+```javascript
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/discrete-uniform' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var ddiff = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff' );
+
+var x = discreteUniform( 10, -100, 100, {
+    'dtype': 'float64'
+});
+console.log( 'Input array: ', x );
+
+var p = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
+    'dtype': 'float64'
+});
+console.log( 'Prepend array: ', p );
+
+var a = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
+    'dtype': 'float64'
+});
+console.log( 'Append array: ', a );
+
+var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
+
+var w = new Float64Array( 13 );
+
+ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+console.log( 'Output', out );
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.examples -->
+
+<!-- C interface documentation. -->
+
+* * *
+
+<section class="c">
+
+## C APIs
+
+<!-- Section to include introductory text. Make sure to keep an empty line after the intro `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->
+
+<section class="intro">
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.intro -->
+
+<!-- C usage documentation. -->
+
+<section class="usage">
+
+### Usage
+
+```c
+#include "stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h"
+```
+
+<!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
+
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, \*out, strideOut, workspace, strideW )
+
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+
+```c
+double x[] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
+double p[] = { 1.0 };
+double a[] = { 11.0 };
+double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+
+stdlib_strided_ddiff( 5, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+```
+
+The function accepts the following arguments:
+
+-   **N**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements.
+-   **k**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of times to recursively compute differences.
+-   **x**: `[in] double` input [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `x`.
+-   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `prepend`.
+-   **prepend**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
+-   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `append`.
+-   **append**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` strides length for `append`.
+-   **out**: `[in] double` output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
+-   **workspace**: `[in] double` workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
+
+```c
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend,  const CBLAS_INT strideP,  const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out,  const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const double workspace,  const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+```
+
+<!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
+
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, \*out, strideOut, offsetOut, w, strideW, offsetW )
+
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+
+```c
+double x[] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
+double p[] = { 1.0 };
+double a[] = { 11.0 };
+double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+
+stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( 5, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+```
+
+The function accepts the following arguments:
+
+-   **N**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements.
+-   **k**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of times to recursively compute differences.
+-   **x**: `[in] double` input [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `x`.
+-   **offsetX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `x`.
+-   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `prepend`.
+-   **prepend**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
+-   **offsetP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `prepend`.
+-   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `append`.
+-   **append**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` strides length for `append`.
+-   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `append`.
+-   **out**: `[in] double` output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
+-   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `out`.
+-   **workspace**: `[in] double` workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
+-   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `workspace`.
+
+```c
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend,  const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP,  const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out,  const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace,  const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.usage -->
+
+<!-- C API usage notes. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->
+
+<section class="notes">
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.notes -->
+
+<!-- C API usage examples. -->
+
+<section class="examples">
+
+### Examples
+
+```c
+#include "stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main( void ) {
+    // Create a strided array:
+    double x[] = { 1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0, 5.0, -6.0, 7.0, -8.0 };
+
+    // Define prepend values:
+    double p[] = { -1.0 };
+
+    // Define append values:
+    double a[] = { 10.0 };
+
+    // Define output array:
+    double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+
+    // Define workspace:
+    double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+
+    // Fill the array:
+    stdlib_strided_ddiff( 8, 3, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+    // Print the result:
+    for ( int i = 0; i < 7; i++ ) {
+        printf( "out[ %i ] = %lf\n", i, out[ i ] );
+    }
+}
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.examples -->
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.c -->
+
+<!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. -->
+
+<section class="related">
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.related -->
+
+<!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->
+
+<section class="links">
+
+[@stdlib/array/float64]: https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/tree/develop/lib/node_modules/%40stdlib/array/float64
+
+[mdn-typed-array]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/TypedArray
+
+<!-- <related-links> -->
+
+<!-- </related-links> -->
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.links -->
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..410abdcfc8c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/uniform' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+var ddiff = require( './../lib/ddiff.js' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var options = {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+};
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Creates a benchmark function.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
+* @returns {Function} benchmark function
+*/
+function createBenchmark( len ) {
+	var ol;
+	var N1;
+	var N2;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+	var o;
+	var k;
+	var N;
+
+	N = len;
+	N1 = 1;
+	N2 = 1;
+	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
+
+	x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
+	p = uniform( N1, -100, 100, options );
+	a = uniform( N2, -100, 100, options );
+	w = new Float64Array( N+N1+N2-1 );
+	o = new Float64Array( ol );
+	return benchmark;
+
+	/**
+	* Benchmark function.
+	*
+	* @private
+	* @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
+	*/
+	function benchmark( b ) {
+		var i;
+
+		b.tic();
+		for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+			ddiff( N, k, x, 1, N1, p, 1, N2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+			if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+				b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+			}
+		}
+		b.toc();
+		if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+			b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+		}
+		b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+		b.end();
+	}
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*
+* @private
+*/
+function main() {
+	var len;
+	var min;
+	var max;
+	var f;
+	var i;
+
+	min = 1; // 10^min
+	max = 6; // 10^max
+
+	for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
+		len = pow( 10, i );
+		f = createBenchmark( len );
+		bench( format( '%s:len=%d', pkg, len ), f );
+	}
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2af38abe472a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var resolve = require( 'path' ).resolve;
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/uniform' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var tryRequire = require( '@stdlib/utils/try-require' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var options = {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+};
+var ddiff = tryRequire( resolve( __dirname, './../lib/ddiff.native.js' ) );
+var opts = {
+	'skip': ( ddiff instanceof Error )
+};
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Creates a benchmark function.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
+* @returns {Function} benchmark function
+*/
+function createBenchmark( len ) {
+	var ol;
+	var N1;
+	var N2;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+	var o;
+	var k;
+	var N;
+
+	N = len;
+	N1 = 1;
+	N2 = 1;
+	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
+
+	x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
+	p = uniform( N1, -100, 100, options );
+	a = uniform( N2, -100, 100, options );
+	w = new Float64Array( N+N1+N2-1 );
+	o = new Float64Array( ol );
+	return benchmark;
+
+	/**
+	* Benchmark function.
+	*
+	* @private
+	* @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
+	*/
+	function benchmark( b ) {
+		var i;
+
+		b.tic();
+		for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+			ddiff( N, k, x, 1, N1, p, 1, N2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+			if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+				b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+			}
+		}
+		b.toc();
+		if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+			b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+		}
+		b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+		b.end();
+	}
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*
+* @private
+*/
+function main() {
+	var len;
+	var min;
+	var max;
+	var f;
+	var i;
+
+	min = 1; // 10^min
+	max = 6; // 10^max
+
+	for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
+		len = pow( 10, i );
+		f = createBenchmark( len );
+		bench( format( '%s::native:len=%d', pkg, len ), opts, f );
+	}
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6da61d94c29e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/uniform' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+var ddiff = require( './../lib/ndarray.js' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var options = {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+};
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Creates a benchmark function.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
+* @returns {Function} benchmark function
+*/
+function createBenchmark( len ) {
+	var ol;
+	var N1;
+	var N2;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+	var o;
+	var k;
+	var N;
+
+	N = len;
+	N1 = 1;
+	N2 = 1;
+	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
+
+	x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
+	p = uniform( N1, -100, 100, options );
+	a = uniform( N2, -100, 100, options );
+	w = new Float64Array( N+N1+N2-1 );
+	o = new Float64Array( ol );
+	return benchmark;
+
+	/**
+	* Benchmark function.
+	*
+	* @private
+	* @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
+	*/
+	function benchmark( b ) {
+		var i;
+
+		b.tic();
+		for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+			ddiff( N, k, x, 1, 0, N1, p, 1, 0, N2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+			if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+				b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+			}
+		}
+		b.toc();
+		if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+			b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+		}
+		b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+		b.end();
+	}
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*
+* @private
+*/
+function main() {
+	var len;
+	var min;
+	var max;
+	var f;
+	var i;
+
+	min = 1; // 10^min
+	max = 6; // 10^max
+
+	for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
+		len = pow( 10, i );
+		f = createBenchmark( len );
+		bench( format( '%s:ndarray:len=%d', pkg, len ), f );
+	}
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3ef25a13da0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var resolve = require( 'path' ).resolve;
+var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
+var uniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/uniform' );
+var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
+var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var format = require( '@stdlib/string/format' );
+var tryRequire = require( '@stdlib/utils/try-require' );
+var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var options = {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+};
+var ddiff = tryRequire( resolve( __dirname, './../lib/ndarray.native.js' ) );
+var opts = {
+	'skip': ( ddiff instanceof Error )
+};
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Creates a benchmark function.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
+* @returns {Function} benchmark function
+*/
+function createBenchmark( len ) {
+	var ol;
+	var N1;
+	var N2;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+	var o;
+	var k;
+	var N;
+
+	N = len;
+	N1 = 1;
+	N2 = 1;
+	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
+
+	x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
+	p = uniform( N1, -100, 100, options );
+	a = uniform( N2, -100, 100, options );
+	w = new Float64Array( N+N1+N2-1 );
+	o = new Float64Array( ol );
+	return benchmark;
+
+	/**
+	* Benchmark function.
+	*
+	* @private
+	* @param {Benchmark} b - benchmark instance
+	*/
+	function benchmark( b ) {
+		var i;
+
+		b.tic();
+		for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
+			ddiff( N, k, x, 1, 0, N1, p, 1, 0, N2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+			if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+				b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+			}
+		}
+		b.toc();
+		if ( isnan( o[ i%ol ] ) ) {
+			b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
+		}
+		b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
+		b.end();
+	}
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*
+* @private
+*/
+function main() {
+	var len;
+	var min;
+	var max;
+	var f;
+	var i;
+
+	min = 1; // 10^min
+	max = 6; // 10^max
+
+	for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
+		len = pow( 10, i );
+		f = createBenchmark( len );
+		bench( format( '%s::native:ndarray:len=%d', pkg, len ), opts, f );
+	}
+}
+
+main();
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7280962b4c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#/
+# @license Apache-2.0
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2020 The Stdlib Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#/
+
+# VARIABLES #
+
+ifndef VERBOSE
+	QUIET := @
+else
+	QUIET :=
+endif
+
+# Determine the OS ([1][1], [2][2]).
+#
+# [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples
+# [2]: http://stackoverflow.com/a/27776822/2225624
+OS ?= $(shell uname)
+ifneq (, $(findstring MINGW,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring MSYS,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring CYGWIN,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring Windows_NT,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+endif
+endif
+endif
+endif
+
+# Define the program used for compiling C source files:
+ifdef C_COMPILER
+	CC := $(C_COMPILER)
+else
+	CC := gcc
+endif
+
+# Define the command-line options when compiling C files:
+CFLAGS ?= \
+	-std=c99 \
+	-O3 \
+	-Wall \
+	-pedantic
+
+# Determine whether to generate position independent code ([1][1], [2][2]).
+#
+# [1]: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options
+# [2]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5311515/gcc-fpic-option
+ifeq ($(OS), WINNT)
+	fPIC ?=
+else
+	fPIC ?= -fPIC
+endif
+
+# List of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar -I /beep/boop/include`):
+INCLUDE ?=
+
+# List of source files:
+SOURCE_FILES ?=
+
+# List of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas -lpthread`):
+LIBRARIES ?=
+
+# List of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar -L /beep/boop`):
+LIBPATH ?=
+
+# List of C targets:
+c_targets := benchmark.length.out
+
+
+# RULES #
+
+#/
+# Compiles source files.
+#
+# @param {string} [C_COMPILER] - C compiler (e.g., `gcc`)
+# @param {string} [CFLAGS] - C compiler options
+# @param {(string|void)} [fPIC] - compiler flag determining whether to generate position independent code (e.g., `-fPIC`)
+# @param {string} [INCLUDE] - list of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar -I /beep/boop/include`)
+# @param {string} [SOURCE_FILES] - list of source files
+# @param {string} [LIBPATH] - list of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar -L /beep/boop`)
+# @param {string} [LIBRARIES] - list of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas -lpthread`)
+#
+# @example
+# make
+#
+# @example
+# make all
+#/
+all: $(c_targets)
+
+.PHONY: all
+
+#/
+# Compiles C source files.
+#
+# @private
+# @param {string} CC - C compiler (e.g., `gcc`)
+# @param {string} CFLAGS - C compiler options
+# @param {(string|void)} fPIC - compiler flag determining whether to generate position independent code (e.g., `-fPIC`)
+# @param {string} INCLUDE - list of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar`)
+# @param {string} SOURCE_FILES - list of source files
+# @param {string} LIBPATH - list of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar`)
+# @param {string} LIBRARIES - list of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas`)
+#/
+$(c_targets): %.out: %.c
+	$(QUIET) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(fPIC) $(INCLUDE) -o $@ $(SOURCE_FILES) $< $(LIBPATH) -lm $(LIBRARIES)
+
+#/
+# Runs compiled benchmarks.
+#
+# @example
+# make run
+#/
+run: $(c_targets)
+	$(QUIET) ./$<
+
+.PHONY: run
+
+#/
+# Removes generated files.
+#
+# @example
+# make clean
+#/
+clean:
+	$(QUIET) -rm -f *.o *.out
+
+.PHONY: clean
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d44fbc873fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include "stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#define NAME "ddiff"
+#define ITERATIONS 1000000
+#define REPEATS 3
+#define MIN 1
+#define MAX 6
+
+/**
+* Prints the TAP version.
+*/
+static void print_version( void ) {
+	printf( "TAP version 13\n" );
+}
+
+/**
+* Prints the TAP summary.
+*
+* @param total     total number of tests
+* @param passing   total number of passing tests
+*/
+static void print_summary( int total, int passing ) {
+	printf( "#\n" );
+	printf( "1..%d\n", total ); // TAP plan
+	printf( "# total %d\n", total );
+	printf( "# pass  %d\n", passing );
+	printf( "#\n" );
+	printf( "# ok\n" );
+}
+
+/**
+* Prints benchmarks results.
+*
+* @param iterations  number of iterations
+* @param elapsed     elapsed time in seconds
+*/
+static void print_results( int iterations, double elapsed ) {
+	double rate = (double)iterations / elapsed;
+	printf( "  ---\n" );
+	printf( "  iterations: %d\n", iterations );
+	printf( "  elapsed: %0.9f\n", elapsed );
+	printf( "  rate: %0.9f\n", rate );
+	printf( "  ...\n" );
+}
+
+/**
+* Returns a clock time.
+*
+* @return clock time
+*/
+static double tic( void ) {
+	struct timeval now;
+	gettimeofday( &now, NULL );
+	return (double)now.tv_sec + (double)now.tv_usec/1.0e6;
+}
+
+/**
+* Generates a random number on the interval [0,1).
+*
+* @return random number
+*/
+static double rand_double( void ) {
+	int r = rand();
+	return (double)r / ( (double)RAND_MAX + 1.0 );
+}
+
+/**
+* Runs a benchmark.
+*
+* @param iterations   number of iterations
+* @param len          array length
+* @return             elapsed time in seconds
+*/
+static double benchmark1( int iterations, int len ) {
+	double elapsed;
+	double *x;
+	double *p;
+	double *a;
+	double *o;
+	double *w;
+	double t;
+	int wl;
+	int ol;
+	int N1;
+	int N2;
+	int k;
+	int N;
+	int i;
+
+	N = len;
+	N1 = 1;
+	N2 = 1;
+	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
+	wl = N + N1 + N2 - 1;
+
+	x = (double *) malloc( N * sizeof( double ) );
+	for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
+		x[ i ] = ( rand_double() * 20000.0 ) - 10000.0;
+	}
+
+	p = (double *) malloc( N1 * sizeof( double ) );
+	a = (double *) malloc( N2 * sizeof( double ) );
+	for ( i = 0; i < N1; i++ ) {
+		p[ i ] = ( rand_double() * 20000.0 ) - 10000.0;
+		a[ i ] = ( rand_double() * 20000.0 ) - 10000.0;
+	}
+
+	w = (double *) malloc( wl * sizeof( double ) );
+	for ( i = 0; i < wl; i++ ) {
+		w[ i ] = 0.0;
+	}
+
+	o = (double *) malloc( ol * sizeof( double ) );
+	for ( i = 0; i < ol; i++ ) {
+		o[ i ] = 0.0;
+	}
+
+	t = tic();
+	for ( i = 0; i < iterations; i++ ) {
+		stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, x, 1, N1, p, 1, N2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+		if ( o[ 0 ] != o[ 0 ] ) {
+			printf( "should not return NaN\n" );
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	elapsed = tic() - t;
+	if ( o[ ol-1 ] != o[ ol-1 ] ) {
+		printf( "should not return NaN\n" );
+	}
+	free( x );
+	free( p );
+	free( a );
+	free( w );
+	free( o );
+	return elapsed;
+}
+
+/**
+* Runs a benchmark.
+*
+* @param iterations   number of iterations
+* @param len          array length
+* @return             elapsed time in seconds
+*/
+static double benchmark2( int iterations, int len ) {
+	double elapsed;
+	double *x;
+	double *p;
+	double *a;
+	double *o;
+	double *w;
+	double t;
+	int wl;
+	int ol;
+	int N1;
+	int N2;
+	int k;
+	int N;
+	int i;
+
+	N = len;
+	N1 = 1;
+	N2 = 1;
+	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
+	wl = N + N1 + N2 - 1;
+
+	x = (double *) malloc( N * sizeof( double ) );
+	for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
+		x[ i ] = ( rand_double() * 20000.0 ) - 10000.0;
+	}
+
+	p = (double *) malloc( N1 * sizeof( double ) );
+	a = (double *) malloc( N2 * sizeof( double ) );
+	for ( i = 0; i < N1; i++ ) {
+		p[ i ] = ( rand_double() * 20000.0 ) - 10000.0;
+		a[ i ] = ( rand_double() * 20000.0 ) - 10000.0;
+	}
+
+	w = (double *) malloc( wl * sizeof( double ) );
+	for ( i = 0; i < wl; i++ ) {
+		w[ i ] = 0.0;
+	}
+
+	o = (double *) malloc( ol * sizeof( double ) );
+	for ( i = 0; i < ol; i++ ) {
+		o[ i ] = 0.0;
+	}
+
+	t = tic();
+	for ( i = 0; i < iterations; i++ ) {
+		stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, x, 1, 0, N1, p, 1, 0, N2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+		if ( o[ 0 ] != o[ 0 ] ) {
+			printf( "should not return NaN\n" );
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	elapsed = tic() - t;
+	if ( o[ ol-1 ] != o[ ol-1 ] ) {
+		printf( "should not return NaN\n" );
+	}
+	free( x );
+	free( p );
+	free( a );
+	free( w );
+	free( o );
+	return elapsed;
+}
+
+/**
+* Main execution sequence.
+*/
+int main( void ) {
+	double elapsed;
+	int count;
+	int iter;
+	int len;
+	int i;
+	int j;
+
+	// Use the current time to seed the random number generator:
+	srand( time( NULL ) );
+
+	print_version();
+	count = 0;
+	for ( i = MIN; i <= MAX; i++ ) {
+		len = pow( 10, i );
+		iter = ITERATIONS / pow( 10, i-1 );
+		for ( j = 0; j < REPEATS; j++ ) {
+			count += 1;
+			printf( "# c::%s:len=%d\n", NAME, len );
+			elapsed = benchmark1( iter, len );
+			print_results( iter, elapsed );
+			printf( "ok %d benchmark finished\n", count );
+		}
+	}
+	for ( i = MIN; i <= MAX; i++ ) {
+		len = pow( 10, i );
+		iter = ITERATIONS / pow( 10, i-1 );
+		for ( j = 0; j < REPEATS; j++ ) {
+			count += 1;
+			printf( "# c::%s:ndarray:len=%d\n", NAME, len );
+			elapsed = benchmark2( iter, len );
+			print_results( iter, elapsed );
+			printf( "ok %d benchmark finished\n", count );
+		}
+	}
+	print_summary( count, count );
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0d6508a12e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# @license Apache-2.0
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# A `.gyp` file for building a Node.js native add-on.
+#
+# [1]: https://gyp.gsrc.io/docs/InputFormatReference.md
+# [2]: https://gyp.gsrc.io/docs/UserDocumentation.md
+{
+  # List of files to include in this file:
+  'includes': [
+    './include.gypi',
+  ],
+
+  # Define variables to be used throughout the configuration for all targets:
+  'variables': {
+    # Target name should match the add-on export name:
+    'addon_target_name%': 'addon',
+
+    # Set variables based on the host OS:
+    'conditions': [
+      [
+        'OS=="win"',
+        {
+          # Define the object file suffix:
+          'obj': 'obj',
+        },
+        {
+          # Define the object file suffix:
+          'obj': 'o',
+        }
+      ], # end condition (OS=="win")
+    ], # end conditions
+  }, # end variables
+
+  # Define compile targets:
+  'targets': [
+
+    # Target to generate an add-on:
+    {
+      # The target name should match the add-on export name:
+      'target_name': '<(addon_target_name)',
+
+      # Define dependencies:
+      'dependencies': [],
+
+      # Define directories which contain relevant include headers:
+      'include_dirs': [
+        # Local include directory:
+        '<@(include_dirs)',
+      ],
+
+      # List of source files:
+      'sources': [
+        '<@(src_files)',
+      ],
+
+      # Settings which should be applied when a target's object files are used as linker input:
+      'link_settings': {
+        # Define libraries:
+        'libraries': [
+          '<@(libraries)',
+        ],
+
+        # Define library directories:
+        'library_dirs': [
+          '<@(library_dirs)',
+        ],
+      },
+
+      # C/C++ compiler flags:
+      'cflags': [
+        # Enable commonly used warning options:
+        '-Wall',
+
+        # Aggressive optimization:
+        '-O3',
+      ],
+
+      # C specific compiler flags:
+      'cflags_c': [
+        # Specify the C standard to which a program is expected to conform:
+        '-std=c99',
+      ],
+
+      # C++ specific compiler flags:
+      'cflags_cpp': [
+        # Specify the C++ standard to which a program is expected to conform:
+        '-std=c++11',
+      ],
+
+      # Linker flags:
+      'ldflags': [],
+
+      # Apply conditions based on the host OS:
+      'conditions': [
+        [
+          'OS=="mac"',
+          {
+            # Linker flags:
+            'ldflags': [
+              '-undefined dynamic_lookup',
+              '-Wl,-no-pie',
+              '-Wl,-search_paths_first',
+            ],
+          },
+        ], # end condition (OS=="mac")
+        [
+          'OS!="win"',
+          {
+            # C/C++ flags:
+            'cflags': [
+              # Generate platform-independent code:
+              '-fPIC',
+            ],
+          },
+        ], # end condition (OS!="win")
+      ], # end conditions
+    }, # end target <(addon_target_name)
+
+    # Target to copy a generated add-on to a standard location:
+    {
+      'target_name': 'copy_addon',
+
+      # Declare that the output of this target is not linked:
+      'type': 'none',
+
+      # Define dependencies:
+      'dependencies': [
+        # Require that the add-on be generated before building this target:
+        '<(addon_target_name)',
+      ],
+
+      # Define a list of actions:
+      'actions': [
+        {
+          'action_name': 'copy_addon',
+          'message': 'Copying addon...',
+
+          # Explicitly list the inputs in the command-line invocation below:
+          'inputs': [],
+
+          # Declare the expected outputs:
+          'outputs': [
+            '<(addon_output_dir)/<(addon_target_name).node',
+          ],
+
+          # Define the command-line invocation:
+          'action': [
+            'cp',
+            '<(PRODUCT_DIR)/<(addon_target_name).node',
+            '<(addon_output_dir)/<(addon_target_name).node',
+          ],
+        },
+      ], # end actions
+    }, # end target copy_addon
+  ], # end targets
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..497f420a25cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+
+{{alias}}( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW )
+    Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision
+    floating-point strided array.
+
+    The `N` and stride parameters determine which elements in the strided arrays
+    are accessed at runtime.
+
+    Indexing is relative to the first index. To introduce an offset, use a typed
+    array view.
+
+    If `N <= 0`, the function returns `x` unchanged.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    N: integer
+        Number of indexed elements.
+
+    k: integer
+        Number of times to recursively compute differences.
+
+    x: Float64Array
+        Input array.
+
+    strideX: integer
+        Stride length for `x`.
+
+    N1: integer
+        Number of elements to `prepend`.
+
+    prepend: Float64Array
+        Array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+
+    strideP: integer
+        Stride length for `prepend`.
+
+    N2: integer
+        Number of elements to `append`.
+
+    append: Float64Array
+        Array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+
+    strideA: integer
+        Stride length for `append`.
+
+    out: Float64Array
+        Output array.
+
+    strideOut: integer
+        Stride length for `Out`.
+
+    workspace: Float64Array
+        Workspace array.
+
+    strideW: integer
+        Stride length for `workspace`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out: Float64Array
+        Output array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    // Standard Usage:
+    > var x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );
+    > var p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 0.0 ] );
+    > var a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 3.0 ] );
+    > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
+    > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
+    > {{alias}}( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 )
+    <Float64Array>[ 1.0, -3.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+
+    // Using `N` and stride parameters:
+    > x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+    > p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0 ] );
+    > a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 11.0 ] );
+    > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
+    > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
+    > {{alias}}( 3, 1, x, 2, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 )
+    <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+
+    // Using view offsets:
+    > var x0 = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+    > var x1 = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( x0.buffer, x0.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT*1 );
+    > p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0 ] );
+    > a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 11.0 ] );
+    > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 5 );
+    > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 5 );
+    > {{alias}}( x1.length, 1, x1, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 )
+    <Float64Array>[ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
+
+
+{{alias}}.ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW )
+    Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision
+    floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+
+    While typed array views mandate a view offset based on the underlying
+    buffer, the offset parameters support indexing semantics based on starting
+    indices.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    N: integer
+        Number of indexed elements.
+
+    k: integer
+        Number of times to recursively compute differences.
+
+    x: Float64Array
+        Input array.
+
+    strideX: integer
+        Stride length for `x`.
+
+    offsetX: integer
+        Starting index for `x`.
+
+    N1: integer
+        Number of elements to `prepend`.
+
+    prepend: Float64Array
+        Array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+
+    strideP: integer
+        Stride length for `prepend`.
+
+    offsetP: integer
+        Starting index for `prepend`.
+
+    N2: integer
+        Number of elements to `append`.
+
+    append: Float64Array
+        Array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+
+    strideA: integer
+        Stride length for `append`.
+
+    offsetA: integer
+        Starting index for `append`.
+
+    out: Float64Array
+        Output array.
+
+    strideOut: integer
+        Stride length for `Out`.
+
+    offsetOut: integer
+        Stride length for `Out`.
+
+    workspace: Float64Array
+        Workspace array.
+
+    strideW: integer
+        Stride length for `workspace`.
+
+    offsetW: integer
+        Starting index for `workspace`.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    out: Float64Array
+        Output array.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    // Standard Usage:
+    > var x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );
+    > var p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 0.0 ] );
+    > var a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 3.0 ] );
+    > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
+    > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
+    > {{alias}}.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 )
+    <Float64Array>[ 1.0, -3.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+
+    // Advanced indexing:
+    > var x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );
+    > var p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 0.0 ] );
+    > var a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 3.0 ] );
+    > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 3 );
+    > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 3 );
+    > {{alias}}.ndarray( 2, 1, x, 1, x.length-2, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 )
+    <Float64Array>[ -2.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
+
+    See Also
+    --------
+
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d69d36a691b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+// TypeScript Version: 4.1
+
+/**
+* Interface describing `ddiff`.
+*/
+interface Routine {
+	/**
+	* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+	*
+	* @param N - number of indexed elements
+	* @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+	* @param x - input array
+	* @param strideX - stride length for `x`
+	* @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+	* @param prepend - prepend array
+	* @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+	* @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+	* @param append - append array
+	* @param strideA - stride length for `append`
+	* @param out - output array
+	* @param strideOut - stride length for `out`
+	* @param workspace - workspace array
+	* @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+	* @returns output array
+	*
+	* @example
+	* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+	*
+	* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+	* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+	* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+	*
+	* ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+	*
+	* console.log( out );
+	* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+	*/
+	( N: number, k: number, x: Float64Array, strideX: number, N1: number, prepend: Float64Array, strideP: number, N2: number, append: Float64Array, strideA: number, out: Float64Array, strideOut: number, workspace: Float64Array, strideW: number ): Float64Array;
+
+	/**
+	* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+	*
+	* @param N - number of indexed elements
+	* @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+	* @param x - input array
+	* @param strideX - stride length for `x`
+	* @param offsetX - starting index for `x`
+	* @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+	* @param prepend - prepend array
+	* @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+	* @param offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+	* @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+	* @param append - append array
+	* @param strideA - stride length for `append`
+	* @param offsetA - starting index for `append`
+	* @param out - output array
+	* @param strideOut - stride length for `out`
+	* @param offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+	* @param workspace - workspace array
+	* @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+	* @param offsetW - starting index for `workspace`
+	* @returns output array
+	*
+	* @example
+	* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+	*
+	* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+	* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+	* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+	*
+	* ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+	*
+	* console.log( out );
+	* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+	*/
+	ndarray	( N: number, k: number, x: Float64Array, strideX: number, offsetX: number, N1: number, prepend: Float64Array, strideP: number, offsetP: number, N2: number, append: Float64Array, strideA: number, offsetA: number, out: Float64Array, strideOut: number, offsetOut: number, workspace: Float64Array, strideW: number, offsetW: number ): Float64Array;
+}
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+*
+* @param N - number of indexed elements
+* @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param x - input array
+* @param strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param prepend - prepend array
+* @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param append - append array
+* @param strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param out - output array
+* @param strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param workspace - workspace array
+* @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @returns output array
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+*
+* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+*
+* ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+*
+* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+*
+* ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+declare var ddiff: Routine;
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+export = ddiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5188f29ccf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+/*
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+import ddiff = require( './index' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+// The function returns a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectType Float64Array
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a first argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( '10', 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( true, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( false, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( null, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( undefined, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( [], 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( {}, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( ( x: number ): number => x, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a second argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, '10', x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, true, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, false, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, null, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, undefined, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, [], x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, {}, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, ( x: number ): number => x, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a third argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, '10', 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, true, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, false, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, null, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, undefined, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, [], 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, {}, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a fourth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, '10', 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, true, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, false, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, null, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, undefined, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, [], 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, {}, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a fifth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, '10', p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, true, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, false, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, null, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, undefined, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, [], p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, {}, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a sixth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, '10', 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, true, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, false, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, null, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, undefined, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, [], 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, {}, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a seventh argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, '10', 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, true, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, false, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, null, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, undefined, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, [], 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, {}, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an eigth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, '10', a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, true, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, false, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, null, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, undefined, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, [], a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, {}, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a ninth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, '10', 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, true, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, false, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, null, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, undefined, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, [], 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, {}, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a tenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, '10', out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, true, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, false, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, null, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, undefined, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, [], out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, {}, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, ( x: number ): number => x, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an eleventth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 9 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, '10', 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, true, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, false, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, null, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, undefined, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, [], 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, {}, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a twelveth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, '10', w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, true, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, false, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, null, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, undefined, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, [], w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, {}, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, ( x: number ): number => x, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a thirteenth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 9 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, '10', 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, true, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, false, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, null, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, undefined, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, [], 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, {}, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a fourteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, '10' ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, true ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, false ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, null ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, undefined ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an unsupported number of arguments...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff(); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// Attached to main export is an `ndarray` method which returns a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectType Float64Array
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a first argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( '10', 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( true, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( false, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( null, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( undefined, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( [], 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( {}, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( ( x: number ): number => x, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a second argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, '10', x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, true, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, false, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, null, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, undefined, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, [], x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, {}, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, ( x: number ): number => x, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a third argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, '10', 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, true, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, false, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, null, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, undefined, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, [], 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, {}, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fourth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, '10', 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, true, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, false, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, null, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, undefined, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, [], 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, {}, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fifth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, '10', 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, true, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, false, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, null, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, undefined, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, [], 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, {}, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a sixth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, '10', p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, true, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, false, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, null, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, undefined, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, [], p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, {}, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a seventh argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, '10', 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, true, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, false, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, null, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, undefined, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, [], 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, {}, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eigth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, '10', 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, true, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, false, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, null, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, undefined, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, [], 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, {}, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a ninth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, '10', 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, true, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, false, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, null, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, undefined, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, [], 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, {}, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a tenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, '10', a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, true, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, false, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, null, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, undefined, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, [], a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, {}, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eleventth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 9 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, '10', 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, true, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, false, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, null, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, undefined, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, [], 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, {}, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a twelveth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, '10', 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, true, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, false, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, null, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, undefined, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, [], 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, {}, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a thirteenth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 9 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, '10', out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, true, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, false, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, null, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, undefined, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, [], out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, {}, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fourteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, '10', 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, true, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, false, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, null, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, undefined, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, [], 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, {}, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fifteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, '10', 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, true, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, false, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, null, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, undefined, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, [], 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, {}, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a sixteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, '10', w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, true, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, false, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, null, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, undefined, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, [], w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, {}, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a seventeenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, '10', 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, true, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, false, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, null, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, undefined, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, [], 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, {}, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a eighteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, '10', 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, true, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, false, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, null, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, undefined, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, [], 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, {}, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, ( x: number ): number => x, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a nineteenth argument which is not a number...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 0, '10' ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 0, true ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 0, false ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 0, null ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 0, undefined ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 0, [] ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 0, ( x: number ): number => x ); // $ExpectError
+}
+
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an unsupported number of arguments...
+{
+	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
+	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	ddiff.ndarray(); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0, {} ); // $ExpectError
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ff5293d3059f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#/
+# @license Apache-2.0
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2020 The Stdlib Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#/
+
+# VARIABLES #
+
+ifndef VERBOSE
+	QUIET := @
+else
+	QUIET :=
+endif
+
+# Determine the OS ([1][1], [2][2]).
+#
+# [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples
+# [2]: http://stackoverflow.com/a/27776822/2225624
+OS ?= $(shell uname)
+ifneq (, $(findstring MINGW,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring MSYS,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring CYGWIN,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring Windows_NT,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+endif
+endif
+endif
+endif
+
+# Define the program used for compiling C source files:
+ifdef C_COMPILER
+	CC := $(C_COMPILER)
+else
+	CC := gcc
+endif
+
+# Define the command-line options when compiling C files:
+CFLAGS ?= \
+	-std=c99 \
+	-O3 \
+	-Wall \
+	-pedantic
+
+# Determine whether to generate position independent code ([1][1], [2][2]).
+#
+# [1]: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options
+# [2]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5311515/gcc-fpic-option
+ifeq ($(OS), WINNT)
+	fPIC ?=
+else
+	fPIC ?= -fPIC
+endif
+
+# List of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar -I /beep/boop/include`):
+INCLUDE ?=
+
+# List of source files:
+SOURCE_FILES ?=
+
+# List of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas -lpthread`):
+LIBRARIES ?=
+
+# List of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar -L /beep/boop`):
+LIBPATH ?=
+
+# List of C targets:
+c_targets := example.out
+
+
+# RULES #
+
+#/
+# Compiles source files.
+#
+# @param {string} [C_COMPILER] - C compiler (e.g., `gcc`)
+# @param {string} [CFLAGS] - C compiler options
+# @param {(string|void)} [fPIC] - compiler flag determining whether to generate position independent code (e.g., `-fPIC`)
+# @param {string} [INCLUDE] - list of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar -I /beep/boop/include`)
+# @param {string} [SOURCE_FILES] - list of source files
+# @param {string} [LIBPATH] - list of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar -L /beep/boop`)
+# @param {string} [LIBRARIES] - list of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas -lpthread`)
+#
+# @example
+# make
+#
+# @example
+# make all
+#/
+all: $(c_targets)
+
+.PHONY: all
+
+#/
+# Compiles C source files.
+#
+# @private
+# @param {string} CC - C compiler (e.g., `gcc`)
+# @param {string} CFLAGS - C compiler options
+# @param {(string|void)} fPIC - compiler flag determining whether to generate position independent code (e.g., `-fPIC`)
+# @param {string} INCLUDE - list of includes (e.g., `-I /foo/bar`)
+# @param {string} SOURCE_FILES - list of source files
+# @param {string} LIBPATH - list of library paths (e.g., `-L /foo/bar`)
+# @param {string} LIBRARIES - list of libraries (e.g., `-lopenblas`)
+#/
+$(c_targets): %.out: %.c
+	$(QUIET) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(fPIC) $(INCLUDE) -o $@ $(SOURCE_FILES) $< $(LIBPATH) -lm $(LIBRARIES)
+
+#/
+# Runs compiled examples.
+#
+# @example
+# make run
+#/
+run: $(c_targets)
+	$(QUIET) ./$<
+
+.PHONY: run
+
+#/
+# Removes generated files.
+#
+# @example
+# make clean
+#/
+clean:
+	$(QUIET) -rm -f *.o *.out
+
+.PHONY: clean
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e3e5c561834a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include "stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int main( void ) {
+	// Create a strided array:
+	double x[] = { 1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0, 5.0, -6.0, 7.0, -8.0 };
+
+	// Define prepend values:
+	double p[] = { -1.0 };
+
+	// Define append values:
+	double a[] = { 10.0 };
+
+	// Define output array:
+	double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+
+	// Define workspace:
+	double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
+
+	// Fill the array:
+	stdlib_strided_ddiff( 8, 3, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	// Print the result:
+	for ( int i = 0; i < 7; i++ ) {
+		printf( "out[ %i ] = %lf\n", i, out[ i ] );
+	}
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fe1c0280d3b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+var discreteUniform = require( '@stdlib/random/array/discrete-uniform' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var ddiff = require( './../lib' );
+
+var x = discreteUniform( 10, -100, 100, {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+});
+console.log( 'Input array: ', x );
+
+var p = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+});
+console.log( 'Prepend array: ', p );
+
+var a = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
+	'dtype': 'float64'
+});
+console.log( 'Append array: ', a );
+
+var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
+
+var w = new Float64Array( 13 );
+
+ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+console.log( 'Output', out );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include.gypi b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include.gypi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bee8d41a2caf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include.gypi
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# @license Apache-2.0
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# A GYP include file for building a Node.js native add-on.
+#
+# Main documentation:
+#
+# [1]: https://gyp.gsrc.io/docs/InputFormatReference.md
+# [2]: https://gyp.gsrc.io/docs/UserDocumentation.md
+{
+  # Define variables to be used throughout the configuration for all targets:
+  'variables': {
+    # Source directory:
+    'src_dir': './src',
+
+    # Include directories:
+    'include_dirs': [
+      '<!@(node -e "var arr = require(\'@stdlib/utils/library-manifest\')(\'./manifest.json\',{},{\'basedir\':process.cwd(),\'paths\':\'posix\'}).include; for ( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) { console.log( arr[ i ] ); }")',
+    ],
+
+    # Add-on destination directory:
+    'addon_output_dir': './src',
+
+    # Source files:
+    'src_files': [
+      '<(src_dir)/addon.c',
+      '<!@(node -e "var arr = require(\'@stdlib/utils/library-manifest\')(\'./manifest.json\',{},{\'basedir\':process.cwd(),\'paths\':\'posix\'}).src; for ( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) { console.log( arr[ i ] ); }")',
+    ],
+
+    # Library dependencies:
+    'libraries': [
+      '<!@(node -e "var arr = require(\'@stdlib/utils/library-manifest\')(\'./manifest.json\',{},{\'basedir\':process.cwd(),\'paths\':\'posix\'}).libraries; for ( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) { console.log( arr[ i ] ); }")',
+    ],
+
+    # Library directories:
+    'library_dirs': [
+      '<!@(node -e "var arr = require(\'@stdlib/utils/library-manifest\')(\'./manifest.json\',{},{\'basedir\':process.cwd(),\'paths\':\'posix\'}).libpath; for ( var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) { console.log( arr[ i ] ); }")',
+    ],
+  }, # end variables
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f30cf0d876fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#ifndef STDLIB_BLAS_EXT_BASE_DDIFF_H
+#define STDLIB_BLAS_EXT_BASE_DDIFF_H
+
+#include "stdlib/blas/base/shared.h"
+
+/*
+* If C++, prevent name mangling so that the compiler emits a binary file having undecorated names, thus mirroring the behavior of a C compiler.
+*/
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+*/
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+*/
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // !STDLIB_BLAS_EXT_BASE_DDIFF_H
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a497391d8f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len, stdlib/jsdoc-doctest */
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var stride2offset = require( '@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset' );
+var ndarray = require( './ndarray.js' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+*
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param {Float64Array} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {Float64Array} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {Float64Array} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {Float64Array} workspace - workspace array
+* @param {integer} strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @returns {Float64Array} output array
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+*
+* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+*
+* ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
+*/
+function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW ) {
+	var ox = stride2offset( N, strideX );
+	var op = stride2offset( N1, strideP );
+	var oa = stride2offset( N2, strideA );
+	var oo = stride2offset( N + N1 + N2 - k, strideOut );
+	var ow = stride2offset( N + N1 + N2 - 1, strideW );
+	ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, ox, N1, prepend, strideP, op, N2, append, strideA, oa, out, strideOut, oo, workspace, strideW, ow );
+	return out;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = ddiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2001856b8e47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len */
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var addon = require( './../src/addon.node' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+*
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param {Float64Array} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {Float64Array} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {Float64Array} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {Float64Array} workspace - workspace array
+* @param {integer} strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @returns {Float64Array} output array
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+*
+* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+*
+* ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW ) {
+	addon( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW );
+	return out;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = ddiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f059ed607ee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+* Calculate the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+*
+* @module @stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+* var ddiff = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff' );
+*
+* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+*
+* ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var join = require( 'path' ).join;
+var tryRequire = require( '@stdlib/utils/try-require' );
+var isError = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-error' );
+var main = require( './main.js' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+var ddiff;
+var tmp = tryRequire( join( __dirname, './native.js' ) );
+if ( isError( tmp ) ) {
+	ddiff = main;
+} else {
+	ddiff = tmp;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = ddiff;
+
+// exports: { "ndarray": "ddiff.ndarray" }
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/main.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..029900015701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var setReadOnly = require( '@stdlib/utils/define-nonenumerable-read-only-property' );
+var ddiff = require( './ddiff.js' );
+var ndarray = require( './ndarray.js' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+setReadOnly( ddiff, 'ndarray', ndarray );
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = ddiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d347f3666b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var setReadOnly = require( '@stdlib/utils/define-nonenumerable-read-only-property' );
+var ddiff = require( './ddiff.native.js' );
+var ndarray = require( './ndarray.native.js' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+setReadOnly( ddiff, 'ndarray', ndarray );
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = ddiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2fadef74919f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len */
+
+'use strict';
+
+// FUNCTIONS //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {Float64Array} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {Float64Array} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
+* @param {Float64Array} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+* @returns {Float64Array} output array
+*/
+function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut ) {
+	var total;
+	var prev;
+	var curr;
+	var ix;
+	var io;
+	var ip;
+	var ia;
+	var i;
+
+	total = N + N1 + N2;
+	if ( total <= 1 ) {
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	if ( N1 === 0 && N2 === 0 ) {
+		ix = offsetX + ( ( N - 1 ) * strideX );
+		io = offsetOut + ( ( N - 2 ) * strideOut );
+		prev = x[ ix ];
+		for ( i = N-2; i >= 0; i-- ) {
+			ix -= strideX;
+			curr = x[ ix ];
+			out[ io ] = prev - curr;
+			prev = curr;
+			io -= strideOut;
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	// Prepend
+	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
+		io = offsetOut;
+		ip = offsetP;
+		prev = prepend[ ip ];
+		for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
+			ip += strideP;
+			curr = prepend[ ip ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+		if ( N > 0 ) {
+			curr = x[ offsetX ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		} else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+	} else if ( N > 0 ) {
+		prev = x[ offsetX ];
+	} else {
+		prev = append[ offsetA ];
+	}
+
+	// x
+	if ( N > 0 ) {
+		ix = offsetX;
+		if ( N1 === 0 ) {
+			prev = x[ ix ];
+			ix += strideX;
+			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+				curr = x[ ix ];
+				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				prev = curr;
+				io += strideOut;
+				ix += strideX;
+			}
+		} else {
+			ix += strideX;
+			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+				curr = x[ ix ];
+				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				prev = curr;
+				io += strideOut;
+				ix += strideX;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+		ia = offsetA + strideA;
+		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
+			curr = append[ ia ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+			ia += strideA;
+		}
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+*
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param {Float64Array} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {Float64Array} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
+* @param {Float64Array} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+* @param {Float64Array} workspace - workspace array
+* @param {integer} strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetW - starting index for `workspace`
+* @returns {Float64Array} output array
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+*
+* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+*
+* ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW ) {
+	var total;
+	var ix;
+	var ip;
+	var ia;
+	var io;
+	var n;
+	var i;
+
+	total = N + N1 + N2;
+	if ( total <= 1 ) {
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	if ( k >= total ) {
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	if ( k === 0 ) {
+		io = offsetOut;
+		ip = offsetP;
+		for ( i = 0; i < N1; i++ ) {
+			out[ io ] = prepend[ ip ];
+			io += strideOut;
+			ip += strideP;
+		}
+
+		ix = offsetX;
+		for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
+			out[ io ] = x[ ix ];
+			io += strideOut;
+			ix += strideX;
+		}
+
+		ia = offsetA;
+		for ( i = 0; i < N2; i++ ) {
+			out[ io ] = append[ ia ];
+			io += strideOut;
+			ia += strideA;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( k === 1 ) {
+		base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+
+	n = total - 1;
+	for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
+		base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+		n -= 1;
+	}
+
+	base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+	return out;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = ddiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..130555f1c442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len */
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var addon = require( './../src/addon.node' );
+
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+*
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param {Float64Array} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {Float64Array} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
+* @param {Float64Array} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+* @param {Float64Array} workspace - workspace array
+* @param {integer} strideW - stride length for `workspace`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetW - starting index for `workspace`
+* @returns {Float64Array} output array
+*
+* @example
+* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+*
+* var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+*
+* ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+*
+* console.log( out );
+* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
+*/
+function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW ) {
+	addon.ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+	return out;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = ddiff;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fb41f9fb7ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+{
+  "options": {
+    "task": "build"
+  },
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "field": "src",
+      "resolve": true,
+      "relative": true
+    },
+    {
+      "field": "include",
+      "resolve": true,
+      "relative": true
+    },
+    {
+      "field": "libraries",
+      "resolve": false,
+      "relative": false
+    },
+    {
+      "field": "libpath",
+      "resolve": true,
+      "relative": false
+    }
+  ],
+  "confs": [
+    {
+      "task": "build",
+      "src": [
+        "./src/main.c"
+      ],
+      "include": [
+        "./include"
+      ],
+      "libraries": [],
+      "libpath": [],
+      "dependencies": [
+        "@stdlib/blas/base/shared",
+        "@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset",
+        "@stdlib/napi/export",
+        "@stdlib/napi/argv",
+        "@stdlib/napi/argv-int64",
+        "@stdlib/napi/argv-strided-float64array"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "task": "benchmark",
+      "src": [
+        "./src/main.c"
+      ],
+      "include": [
+        "./include"
+      ],
+      "libraries": [],
+      "libpath": [],
+      "dependencies": [
+        "@stdlib/blas/base/shared",
+        "@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "task": "examples",
+      "src": [
+        "./src/main.c"
+      ],
+      "include": [
+        "./include"
+      ],
+      "libraries": [],
+      "libpath": [],
+      "dependencies": [
+        "@stdlib/blas/base/shared",
+        "@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset"
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/package.json b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b0130193b6dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{
+  "name": "@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff",
+  "version": "0.0.0",
+  "description": "Calculate the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.",
+  "license": "Apache-2.0",
+  "author": {
+    "name": "The Stdlib Authors",
+    "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/graphs/contributors"
+  },
+  "contributors": [
+    {
+      "name": "The Stdlib Authors",
+      "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/graphs/contributors"
+    }
+  ],
+  "main": "./lib",
+  "browser": "./lib/main.js",
+  "gypfile": true,
+  "directories": {
+    "benchmark": "./benchmark",
+    "doc": "./docs",
+    "example": "./examples",
+    "include": "./include",
+    "lib": "./lib",
+    "src": "./src",
+    "test": "./test"
+  },
+  "types": "./docs/types",
+  "scripts": {},
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib",
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib.git"
+  },
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/stdlib-js/stdlib/issues"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {},
+  "devDependencies": {},
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=0.10.0",
+    "npm": ">2.7.0"
+  },
+  "os": [
+    "aix",
+    "darwin",
+    "freebsd",
+    "linux",
+    "macos",
+    "openbsd",
+    "sunos",
+    "win32",
+    "windows"
+  ],
+  "keywords": [
+    "stdlib",
+    "stdmath",
+    "mathematics",
+    "math",
+    "blas",
+    "extended",
+    "diff",
+    "difference",
+    "gradient",
+    "strided",
+    "array",
+    "float64",
+    "double",
+    "float64array"
+  ],
+  "__stdlib__": {
+    "wasm": false
+  }
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..dd720a3de8f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#/
+# @license Apache-2.0
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2020 The Stdlib Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#/
+
+# VARIABLES #
+
+ifndef VERBOSE
+	QUIET := @
+else
+	QUIET :=
+endif
+
+# Determine the OS ([1][1], [2][2]).
+#
+# [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples
+# [2]: http://stackoverflow.com/a/27776822/2225624
+OS ?= $(shell uname)
+ifneq (, $(findstring MINGW,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring MSYS,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring CYGWIN,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+else
+ifneq (, $(findstring Windows_NT,$(OS)))
+	OS := WINNT
+endif
+endif
+endif
+endif
+
+
+# RULES #
+
+#/
+# Removes generated files for building an add-on.
+#
+# @example
+# make clean-addon
+#/
+clean-addon:
+	$(QUIET) -rm -f *.o *.node
+
+.PHONY: clean-addon
+
+#/
+# Removes generated files.
+#
+# @example
+# make clean
+#/
+clean: clean-addon
+
+.PHONY: clean
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f64803338ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include "stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h"
+#include "stdlib/blas/base/shared.h"
+#include "stdlib/napi/export.h"
+#include "stdlib/napi/argv.h"
+#include "stdlib/napi/argv_int64.h"
+#include "stdlib/napi/argv_strided_float64array.h"
+#include <node_api.h>
+
+/**
+* Receives JavaScript callback invocation data.
+*
+* @param env    environment under which the function is invoked
+* @param info   callback data
+* @return       Node-API value
+*/
+static napi_value addon( napi_env env, napi_callback_info info ) {
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV( env, info, argv, argc, 14 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, N, argv, 0 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, k, argv, 1 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideX, argv, 3 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, N1, argv, 4 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideP, argv, 6 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, N2, argv, 7 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideA, argv, 9 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideOut, argv, 11 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideW, argv, 13 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, X, N, strideX, argv, 2 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, prepend, N1, strideP, argv, 5 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, append, N2, strideA, argv, 8 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, out, N+N1+N2-k, strideOut, argv, 10 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, workspace, N+N1+N2-1, strideW, argv, 12 );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( N, k, X, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW );
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+* Receives JavaScript callback invocation data.
+*
+* @param env    environment under which the function is invoked
+* @param info   callback data
+* @return       Node-API value
+*/
+static napi_value addon_method( napi_env env, napi_callback_info info ) {
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV( env, info, argv, argc, 19 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, N, argv, 0 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, k, argv, 1 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideX, argv, 3 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, offsetX, argv, 4 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, N1, argv, 5 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideP, argv, 7 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, offsetP, argv, 8 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, N2, argv, 9 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideA, argv, 11 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, offsetA, argv, 12 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideOut, argv, 14 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, offsetOut, argv, 15 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideW, argv, 17 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, offsetW, argv, 18 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, X, N, strideX, argv, 2 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, prepend, N1, strideP, argv, 6 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, append, N2, strideA, argv, 10 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, out, N+N1+N2-k, strideOut, argv, 13 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, workspace, N+N1+N2-1, strideW, argv, 16 );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+STDLIB_NAPI_MODULE_EXPORT_FCN_WITH_METHOD( addon, "ndarray", addon_method )
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7c81a744b5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#include "stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h"
+#include "stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset.h"
+#include "stdlib/blas/base/shared.h"
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+*
+* @param N          number of indexed elements
+* @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param x          input array
+* @param strideX    stride length for `x`
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for `prepend`
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements of append
+* @param append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for `append`
+* @param out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for `out`
+* @param workspace  workspace array
+* @param strideW    stride length for `workspace`
+*/
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
+	const CBLAS_INT ox = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N, strideX );
+	const CBLAS_INT op = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N1, strideP );
+	const CBLAS_INT oa = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N2, strideA );
+	const CBLAS_INT oo = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-k, strideOut );
+	const CBLAS_INT ow = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-1, strideW );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, prepend, strideP, op, N2, append, strideA, oa, out, strideOut, oo, workspace, strideW, ow );
+}
+
+/**
+* Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+*
+* @param N          number of indexed elements
+* @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param x          input array
+* @param strideX    stride length for `x`
+* @param offsetX    starting index for `x`
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for `prepend`
+* @param offsetP    starting index for `prepend`
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements of append
+* @param append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for `append`
+* @param offsetA    starting index for `append`
+* @param out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for `out`
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for `out`
+*/
+static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
+	CBLAS_INT total;
+	double prev;
+	double curr;
+	CBLAS_INT ix;
+	CBLAS_INT ip;
+	CBLAS_INT ia;
+	CBLAS_INT io;
+	CBLAS_INT i;
+
+	total = N + N1 + N2;
+	if ( total <= 1 ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	io = 0;
+	if ( N1 == 0 && N2 == 0 ) {
+		ix = offsetX + ( ( N - 1 ) * strideX );
+		io = offsetOut + ( ( N - 2 ) * strideOut );
+		prev = X[ ix ];
+		for ( i = N-2; i >= 0; i-- ) {
+			ix -= strideX;
+			curr = X[ ix ];
+			out[ io ] = prev - curr;
+			prev = curr;
+			io -= strideOut;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Prepend
+	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
+		io = offsetOut;
+		ip = offsetP;
+		prev = prepend[ ip ];
+		for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
+			ip += strideP;
+			curr = prepend[ ip ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+		if ( N > 0 ) {
+			curr = X[ offsetX ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		} else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+	} else if ( N > 0 ) {
+		prev = X[ offsetX ];
+	} else {
+		prev = append[ offsetA ];
+	}
+
+	// x
+	if ( N > 0 ) {
+		ix = offsetX;
+		if ( N1 == 0 ) {
+			prev = X[ ix ];
+			ix += strideX;
+			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+				curr = X[ ix ];
+				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				prev = curr;
+				io += strideOut;
+				ix += strideX;
+			}
+		} else {
+			ix += strideX;
+			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+				curr = X[ ix ];
+				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				prev = curr;
+				io += strideOut;
+				ix += strideX;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+		ia = offsetA + strideA;
+		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
+			curr = append[ ia ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+			ia += strideA;
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+*
+* @param N          number of indexed elements
+* @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param x          input array
+* @param strideX    stride length for `x`
+* @param offsetX    starting index for `x`
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for `prepend`
+* @param offsetP    starting index for `prepend`
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements of append
+* @param append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for `append`
+* @param offsetA    starting index for `append`
+* @param out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for `out`
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for `out`
+* @param workspace  workspace array
+* @param strideW    stride length for `workspace`
+* @param offsetW    starting index for `workspace`
+*/
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
+	CBLAS_INT total;
+	CBLAS_INT ix;
+	CBLAS_INT ip;
+	CBLAS_INT ia;
+	CBLAS_INT io;
+	CBLAS_INT n;
+	CBLAS_INT i;
+
+	total = N + N1 + N2;
+	if ( total <= 1 || k >= total ) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ( k == 0 ) {
+		io = offsetOut;
+		ip = offsetP;
+		for ( i = 0; i < N1; i++ ) {
+			out[ io ] = prepend[ ip ];
+			io += strideOut;
+			ip += strideP;
+		}
+		ix = offsetX;
+		for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
+			out[ io ] = X[ ix ];
+			io += strideOut;
+			ix += strideX;
+		}
+		ia = offsetA;
+		for ( i = 0; i < N2; i++ ) {
+			out[ io ] = append[ ia ];
+			io += strideOut;
+			ia += strideA;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( k == 1 ) {
+		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		return;
+	}
+
+	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+
+	n = total - 1;
+	for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
+		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+		n -= 1;
+	}
+	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+	return;
+}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9f60cd2be39d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var ddiff = require( './../lib/ddiff.js' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof ddiff, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function has an arity of 14', function test( t ) {
+	t.strictEqual( ddiff.length, 14, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		-11.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		10.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-16.0,
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		31.0,
+		-15.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-11.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-46.0,
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-17.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'if provided the sum of `N`, `N1` & `N2` parameter is less than or equal to `1`, the function returns `out` unchanged', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports stride parameters', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 2, p, 2, 2, a, 2, o, 2, w, 2 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		-21.0,
+		0.0,
+		8.0,
+		0.0,
+		8.0,
+		0.0,
+		10.0,
+		0.0,
+		15.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports negative stride parameters', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, -2, 2, p, -2, 2, a, -2, o, -2, w, -2 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-15.0,
+		0.0,
+		41.0,
+		0.0,
+		-8.0,
+		0.0,
+		-8.0,
+		0.0,
+		10.0,
+		0.0,
+		-15.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5e6e969e04cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var resolve = require( 'path' ).resolve;
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var tryRequire = require( '@stdlib/utils/try-require' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var ddiff = tryRequire( resolve( __dirname, './../lib/ddiff.native.js' ) );
+var opts = {
+	'skip': ( ddiff instanceof Error )
+};
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', opts, function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof ddiff, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function has an arity of 14', opts, function test( t ) {
+	t.strictEqual( ddiff.length, 14, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		-11.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		10.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-16.0,
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		31.0,
+		-15.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-11.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-46.0,
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-17.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'if provided the sum of `N`, `N1` & `N2` parameter is less than or equal to `1`, the function returns `out` unchanged', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports stride parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 2, p, 2, 2, a, 2, o, 2, w, 2 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		-21.0,
+		0.0,
+		8.0,
+		0.0,
+		8.0,
+		0.0,
+		10.0,
+		0.0,
+		15.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports negative stride parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, -2, 2, p, -2, 2, a, -2, o, -2, w, -2 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-15.0,
+		0.0,
+		41.0,
+		0.0,
+		-8.0,
+		0.0,
+		-8.0,
+		0.0,
+		10.0,
+		0.0,
+		-15.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b36476b38039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var proxyquire = require( 'proxyquire' );
+var IS_BROWSER = require( '@stdlib/assert/is-browser' );
+var ddiff = require( './../lib' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var opts = {
+	'skip': IS_BROWSER
+};
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof ddiff, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'attached to the main export is a method providing an ndarray interface', function test( t ) {
+	t.strictEqual( typeof ddiff.ndarray, 'function', 'method is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'if a native implementation is available, the main export is the native implementation', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var ddiff = proxyquire( './../lib', {
+		'@stdlib/utils/try-require': tryRequire
+	});
+
+	t.strictEqual( ddiff, mock, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+
+	function tryRequire() {
+		return mock;
+	}
+
+	function mock() {
+		// Mock...
+	}
+});
+
+tape( 'if a native implementation is not available, the main export is a JavaScript implementation', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var ddiff;
+	var main;
+
+	main = require( './../lib/ddiff.js' );
+
+	ddiff = proxyquire( './../lib', {
+		'@stdlib/utils/try-require': tryRequire
+	});
+
+	t.strictEqual( ddiff, main, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+
+	function tryRequire() {
+		return new Error( 'Cannot find module' );
+	}
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f2385b211b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var ddiff = require( './../lib/ndarray.js' );
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof ddiff, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function has an arity of 19', function test( t ) {
+	t.strictEqual( ddiff.length, 19, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		-11.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		10.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-16.0,
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		31.0,
+		-15.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-11.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-46.0,
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-17.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'if provided the sum of `N`, `N1` & `N2` parameter is less than or equal to `1`, the function returns `out` unchanged', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports stride parameters', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 0, 2, p, 2, 0, 2, a, 2, 0, o, 2, 0, w, 2, 0 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		-21.0,
+		0.0,
+		8.0,
+		0.0,
+		8.0,
+		0.0,
+		10.0,
+		0.0,
+		15.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports negative stride parameters', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, -2, 4, 2, p, -2, 2, 2, a, -2, 2, o, -2, 10, w, -2, 10 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-15.0,
+		0.0,
+		41.0,
+		0.0,
+		-8.0,
+		0.0,
+		-8.0,
+		0.0,
+		10.0,
+		0.0,
+		-15.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports offset parameters', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 1, 2, 1, p, 1, 2, 1, a, 1, 2, o, 1, 2, w, 1, 2 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		-13,
+		4,
+		4,
+		25
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6312e95860b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MODULES //
+
+var resolve = require( 'path' ).resolve;
+var tape = require( 'tape' );
+var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
+var tryRequire = require( '@stdlib/utils/try-require' );
+
+
+// VARIABLES //
+
+var ddiff = tryRequire( resolve( __dirname, './../lib/ndarray.native.js' ) );
+var opts = {
+	'skip': ( ddiff instanceof Error )
+};
+
+
+// TESTS //
+
+tape( 'main export is a function', opts, function test( t ) {
+	t.ok( true, __filename );
+	t.strictEqual( typeof ddiff, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function has an arity of 19', opts, function test( t ) {
+	t.strictEqual( ddiff.length, 19, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		-11.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		10.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-16.0,
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		31.0,
+		-15.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-11.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-46.0,
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		6.0,
+		-17.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'if provided the sum of `N`, `N1` & `N2` parameter is less than or equal to `1`, the function returns `out` unchanged', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports stride parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 0, 2, p, 2, 0, 2, a, 2, 0, o, 2, 0, w, 2, 0 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		15.0,
+		0.0,
+		-21.0,
+		0.0,
+		8.0,
+		0.0,
+		8.0,
+		0.0,
+		10.0,
+		0.0,
+		15.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports negative stride parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, -2, 4, 2, p, -2, 2, 2, a, -2, 2, o, -2, 10, w, -2, 10 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		-15.0,
+		0.0,
+		41.0,
+		0.0,
+		-8.0,
+		0.0,
+		-8.0,
+		0.0,
+		10.0,
+		0.0,
+		-15.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports offset parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 1, 2, 1, p, 1, 2, 1, a, 1, 2, o, 1, 2, w, 1, 2 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		-13,
+		4,
+		4,
+		25
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});

From c24bbdb81975cbf30df001ddf3e7948ace07020b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Muhammad Haris <101793258+headlessNode@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 01:45:13 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 02/35] docs: apply suggestions from code review

Signed-off-by: Muhammad Haris <101793258+headlessNode@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile            | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile
index 7280962b4c4d..0756dc7da20a 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #/
 # @license Apache-2.0
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2020 The Stdlib Authors.
+# Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

From a7c267553c7516ffa055a6e8c07b0d3e7dc3cbd8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Muhammad Haris <101793258+headlessNode@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 01:45:23 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 03/35] docs: apply suggestions from code review

Signed-off-by: Muhammad Haris <101793258+headlessNode@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile             | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile
index ff5293d3059f..c8f8e9a1517b 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #/
 # @license Apache-2.0
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2020 The Stdlib Authors.
+# Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

From d4b2ee63b5063eea2a68d4ef1ceb510cc2aadcdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Muhammad Haris <101793258+headlessNode@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 01:45:33 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 04/35] docs: apply suggestions from code review

Signed-off-by: Muhammad Haris <101793258+headlessNode@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile
index dd720a3de8f2..2caf905cedbe 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #/
 # @license Apache-2.0
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2020 The Stdlib Authors.
+# Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

From bac88211565f2ea4aed699dd871b5a7f571bf46f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Muhammad Haris <101793258+headlessNode@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 01:52:55 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 05/35] docs: apply suggestion from code review

Signed-off-by: Muhammad Haris <101793258+headlessNode@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
index a497391d8f22..dbf67a53327d 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 * limitations under the License.
 */
 
-/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len, stdlib/jsdoc-doctest */
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len */
 
 'use strict';
 

From 105d19940c79ad36b6c04bb2d648407458fd9b7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 22:34:56 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 06/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md     | 24 +++++-----
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt | 46 +++++++++----------
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c  |  8 ++--
 .../include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h      |  4 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        | 13 +++---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    | 18 ++++----
 6 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
index 5678bdae5954..e6ef7c592c77 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ The function has the following parameters:
 -   **N2**: number of elements to `append`.
 -   **append**: a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
 -   **strideA**: strides length for `append`.
--   **out**: output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **out**: output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 -   **strideOut**: stride length for `out`.
--   **workspace**: workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **workspace**: workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 -   **strideW**: stride length for `workspace`.
 
 The `N` and stride parameters determine which elements in the strided array are accessed at runtime. For example, to differences of every other element:
@@ -259,13 +259,13 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `append`.
 -   **append**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
 -   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` strides length for `append`.
--   **out**: `[in] double` output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **out**: `[in] double` output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 -   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
--   **workspace**: `[in] double` workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **workspace**: `[in] double` workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 -   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend,  const CBLAS_INT strideP,  const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out,  const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const double workspace,  const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend,  const CBLAS_INT strideP,  const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out,  const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace,  const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 ```
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
@@ -299,15 +299,15 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **append**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
 -   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` strides length for `append`.
 -   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `append`.
--   **out**: `[in] double` output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **out**: `[in] double` output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 -   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
 -   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `out`.
--   **workspace**: `[in] double` workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **workspace**: `[in] double` workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 -   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
 -   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend,  const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP,  const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out,  const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace,  const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend,  const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP,  const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out,  const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace,  const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 ```
 
 </section>
@@ -334,13 +334,13 @@ void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double
 
 int main( void ) {
     // Create a strided array:
-    double x[] = { 1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0, 5.0, -6.0, 7.0, -8.0 };
+    const double x[] = { 1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0, 5.0, -6.0, 7.0, -8.0 };
 
     // Define prepend values:
-    double p[] = { -1.0 };
+    const double p[] = { -1.0 };
 
     // Define append values:
-    double a[] = { 10.0 };
+    const double a[] = { 10.0 };
 
     // Define output array:
     double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ int main( void ) {
     // Define workspace:
     double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
-    // Fill the array:
+    // Compute forward differences:
     stdlib_strided_ddiff( 8, 3, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
     // Print the result:
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
index 497f420a25cb..3e29e4f954c6 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-{{alias}}( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW )
+{{alias}}( N, k, x,sx, N1,p,sp, N2,a,sa, out,so, w,sw )
     Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision
     floating-point strided array.
 
@@ -22,37 +22,37 @@
     x: Float64Array
         Input array.
 
-    strideX: integer
+    sx: integer
         Stride length for `x`.
 
     N1: integer
         Number of elements to `prepend`.
 
-    prepend: Float64Array
+    p: Float64Array
         Array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
 
-    strideP: integer
+    sp: integer
         Stride length for `prepend`.
 
     N2: integer
         Number of elements to `append`.
 
-    append: Float64Array
+    a: Float64Array
         Array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
 
-    strideA: integer
+    sa: integer
         Stride length for `append`.
 
     out: Float64Array
         Output array.
 
-    strideOut: integer
+    so: integer
         Stride length for `Out`.
 
-    workspace: Float64Array
+    w: Float64Array
         Workspace array.
 
-    strideW: integer
+    sw: integer
         Stride length for `workspace`.
 
     Returns
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
     <Float64Array>[ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
 
 
-{{alias}}.ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW )
+{{alias}}.ndarray( N, k, x,sx,ox, N1,p,sp,op, N2,a,sa,oa, out,so,oo, w,sw,ow )
     Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision
     floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 
@@ -110,52 +110,52 @@
     x: Float64Array
         Input array.
 
-    strideX: integer
+    sx: integer
         Stride length for `x`.
 
-    offsetX: integer
+    ox: integer
         Starting index for `x`.
 
     N1: integer
         Number of elements to `prepend`.
 
-    prepend: Float64Array
+    p: Float64Array
         Array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
 
-    strideP: integer
+    sp: integer
         Stride length for `prepend`.
 
-    offsetP: integer
+    op: integer
         Starting index for `prepend`.
 
     N2: integer
         Number of elements to `append`.
 
-    append: Float64Array
+    a: Float64Array
         Array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
 
-    strideA: integer
+    sa: integer
         Stride length for `append`.
 
-    offsetA: integer
+    oa: integer
         Starting index for `append`.
 
     out: Float64Array
         Output array.
 
-    strideOut: integer
+    so: integer
         Stride length for `Out`.
 
-    offsetOut: integer
+    oo: integer
         Stride length for `Out`.
 
-    workspace: Float64Array
+    w: Float64Array
         Workspace array.
 
-    strideW: integer
+    sw: integer
         Stride length for `workspace`.
 
-    offsetW: integer
+    ow: integer
         Starting index for `workspace`.
 
     Returns
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
index e3e5c561834a..0b6fe9dc54a1 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 
 int main( void ) {
 	// Create a strided array:
-	double x[] = { 1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0, 5.0, -6.0, 7.0, -8.0 };
+	const double x[] = { 1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0, 5.0, -6.0, 7.0, -8.0 };
 
 	// Define prepend values:
-	double p[] = { -1.0 };
+	const double p[] = { -1.0 };
 
 	// Define append values:
-	double a[] = { 10.0 };
+	const double a[] = { 10.0 };
 
 	// Define output array:
 	double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ int main( void ) {
 	// Define workspace:
 	double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
-	// Fill the array:
+	// Compute forward differences:
 	stdlib_strided_ddiff( 8, 3, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
 	// Print the result:
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
index f30cf0d876fa..255b86ba2bf4 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ extern "C" {
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index 2fadef74919f..7e979c8d53a6 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -59,15 +59,15 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 	}
 
 	if ( N1 === 0 && N2 === 0 ) {
-		ix = offsetX + ( ( N - 1 ) * strideX );
-		io = offsetOut + ( ( N - 2 ) * strideOut );
+		ix = offsetX;
+		io = offsetOut;
 		prev = x[ ix ];
-		for ( i = N-2; i >= 0; i-- ) {
-			ix -= strideX;
+		for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+			ix += strideX;
 			curr = x[ ix ];
-			out[ io ] = prev - curr;
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
-			io -= strideOut;
+			io += strideOut;
 		}
 		return out;
 	}
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 		return out;
 	}
 
+	// If k >= total number of elements, the k-th forward difference results in an empty array, so this function is a no-op.
 	if ( k >= total ) {
 		return out;
 	}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index 7c81a744b5e6..ba2cc091328d 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 * @param workspace  workspace array
 * @param strideW    stride length for `workspace`
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
 	const CBLAS_INT ox = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N, strideX );
 	const CBLAS_INT op = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N1, strideP );
 	const CBLAS_INT oa = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N2, strideA );
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, dou
 * @param strideOut  stride length for `out`
 * @param offsetOut  starting index for `out`
 */
-static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
+static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	double prev;
 	double curr;
@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, double *X, con
 
 	io = 0;
 	if ( N1 == 0 && N2 == 0 ) {
-		ix = offsetX + ( ( N - 1 ) * strideX );
-		io = offsetOut + ( ( N - 2 ) * strideOut );
+		ix = offsetX;
+		io = offsetOut;
 		prev = X[ ix ];
-		for ( i = N-2; i >= 0; i-- ) {
-			ix -= strideX;
+		for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+			ix += strideX;
 			curr = X[ ix ];
-			out[ io ] = prev - curr;
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
-			io -= strideOut;
+			io += strideOut;
 		}
 		return;
 	}
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, double *X, con
 * @param strideW    stride length for `workspace`
 * @param offsetW    starting index for `workspace`
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	CBLAS_INT ix;
 	CBLAS_INT ip;

From 11bf0c80dca1306a40de1ecd386f8a827bc0bc8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 2026 23:05:08 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 07/35] refactor: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: passed
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md     | 12 +++----
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        | 34 ++++++-------------
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json |  7 ++--
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    | 32 +++++------------
 4 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
index e6ef7c592c77..7e3dad1039d4 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ The `N` and stride parameters determine which elements in the strided array are
 var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 
 var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
-var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] )
+var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
 var out = new Float64Array( 4 );
 var w = new Float64Array( 4 );
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ var x0 = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
 // Create an offset view...
 var x1 = new Float64Array( x0.buffer, x0.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT*1 ); // start at 2nd element
 
-var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] )
+var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
 var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
 var w = new Float64Array( 5 );
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ var w = new Float64Array( 5 );
 ddiff( x1.length, 1, x1, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
 console.log( out );
-// out => <Float64Array>[ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 11.0 ]
+// out => <Float64Array>[ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
 ```
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
 var out = new Float64Array( 6 );
 var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 
-ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
 console.log( out );
 // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
@@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ While [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views mandate a view offset based on the
 var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 
 var x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
-var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] )
+var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 var a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
 var out = new Float64Array( 4 );
 var w = new Float64Array( 4 );
 
-ddiff( 3, 1, x, 1, x.length-3, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+ddiff.ndarray( 3, 1, x, 1, x.length-3, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
 console.log( out );
 // out => <Float64Array>[ 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index 7e979c8d53a6..803ace40585c 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
+// MODULES //
+
+var dcopy = require( '@stdlib/blas/base/dcopy' );
+
+
 // FUNCTIONS //
 
 /**
@@ -189,10 +194,6 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 */
 function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW ) {
 	var total;
-	var ix;
-	var ip;
-	var ia;
-	var io;
 	var n;
 	var i;
 
@@ -207,27 +208,14 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 	}
 
 	if ( k === 0 ) {
-		io = offsetOut;
-		ip = offsetP;
-		for ( i = 0; i < N1; i++ ) {
-			out[ io ] = prepend[ ip ];
-			io += strideOut;
-			ip += strideP;
-		}
+		// Copy `prepend` into output array:
+		dcopy.ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
-		ix = offsetX;
-		for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
-			out[ io ] = x[ ix ];
-			io += strideOut;
-			ix += strideX;
-		}
+		// Copy `x` into output array:
+		dcopy.ndarray( N, x, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
-		ia = offsetA;
-		for ( i = 0; i < N2; i++ ) {
-			out[ io ] = append[ ia ];
-			io += strideOut;
-			ia += strideA;
-		}
+		// Copy `append` into output array:
+		dcopy.ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 	}
 
 	if ( k === 1 ) {
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json
index fb41f9fb7ad5..ca4986997d42 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/manifest.json
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
       "dependencies": [
         "@stdlib/blas/base/shared",
         "@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset",
+        "@stdlib/blas/base/dcopy",
         "@stdlib/napi/export",
         "@stdlib/napi/argv",
         "@stdlib/napi/argv-int64",
@@ -56,7 +57,8 @@
       "libpath": [],
       "dependencies": [
         "@stdlib/blas/base/shared",
-        "@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset"
+        "@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset",
+        "@stdlib/blas/base/dcopy"
       ]
     },
     {
@@ -71,7 +73,8 @@
       "libpath": [],
       "dependencies": [
         "@stdlib/blas/base/shared",
-        "@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset"
+        "@stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset",
+        "@stdlib/blas/base/dcopy"
       ]
     }
   ]
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index ba2cc091328d..14419f34c29d 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h"
 #include "stdlib/strided/base/stride2offset.h"
+#include "stdlib/blas/base/dcopy.h"
 #include "stdlib/blas/base/shared.h"
 
 /**
@@ -196,10 +197,6 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 */
 void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
-	CBLAS_INT ix;
-	CBLAS_INT ip;
-	CBLAS_INT ia;
-	CBLAS_INT io;
 	CBLAS_INT n;
 	CBLAS_INT i;
 
@@ -209,25 +206,14 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 	}
 
 	if ( k == 0 ) {
-		io = offsetOut;
-		ip = offsetP;
-		for ( i = 0; i < N1; i++ ) {
-			out[ io ] = prepend[ ip ];
-			io += strideOut;
-			ip += strideP;
-		}
-		ix = offsetX;
-		for ( i = 0; i < N; i++ ) {
-			out[ io ] = X[ ix ];
-			io += strideOut;
-			ix += strideX;
-		}
-		ia = offsetA;
-		for ( i = 0; i < N2; i++ ) {
-			out[ io ] = append[ ia ];
-			io += strideOut;
-			ia += strideA;
-		}
+		// Copy `prepend` into output array:
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+
+		// Copy `x` into output array:
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+
+		// Copy `append` into output array:
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 	}
 
 	if ( k == 1 ) {

From 8c37f1ee981d389a4f56d83acc589fee8c89fde3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 2026 20:22:52 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/35] docs: update examples

Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt      | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
index 3e29e4f954c6..9852de4bd7a7 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -171,16 +171,16 @@
     > var a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 3.0 ] );
     > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
     > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
-    > {{alias}}.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 )
+    > {{alias}}.ndarray( 3, 1, x,1,0, 1, p,1,0, 1, a,1,0, out,1,0, w,1,0 )
     <Float64Array>[ 1.0, -3.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
 
     // Advanced indexing:
-    > var x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );
-    > var p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 0.0 ] );
-    > var a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 3.0 ] );
-    > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 3 );
-    > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 3 );
-    > {{alias}}.ndarray( 2, 1, x, 1, x.length-2, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 )
+    > x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );
+    > p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 0.0 ] );
+    > a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 3.0 ] );
+    > out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 3 );
+    > w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 3 );
+    > {{alias}}.ndarray( 2, 1, x,1,1, 1, p,1,0, 1, a,1,0, out,1,0, w,1,0 )
     <Float64Array>[ -2.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
 
     See Also

From d47e5a756cee962ae46eebfaa38ae35afab13631 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 02:19:14 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 09/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: na
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        |  9 +++-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    |  7 ++-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js    | 50 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js  | 50 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js  | 50 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js    | 50 +++++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 212 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index 803ace40585c..4e2ebe92adbf 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 */
 function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW ) {
 	var total;
+	var io;
 	var n;
 	var i;
 
@@ -212,10 +213,14 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 		dcopy.ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
 		// Copy `x` into output array:
-		dcopy.ndarray( N, x, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
+		dcopy.ndarray( N, x, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, io );
 
 		// Copy `append` into output array:
-		dcopy.ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
+		dcopy.ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
+
+		return out;
 	}
 
 	if ( k === 1 ) {
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index 14419f34c29d..dcb7ea28a2d8 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -197,6 +197,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 */
 void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
+	CBLAS_INT io;
 	CBLAS_INT n;
 	CBLAS_INT i;
 
@@ -210,10 +211,12 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
 		// Copy `x` into output array:
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, io );
 
 		// Copy `append` into output array:
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
 	}
 
 	if ( k == 1 ) {
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
index 9f60cd2be39d..52504eb8ef99 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
@@ -38,6 +38,38 @@ tape( 'the function has an arity of 14', function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
+tape( 'the function returns output unchanged if `k` is greater than or equal to total number of elements', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 9, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
 tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
@@ -112,6 +144,24 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 9 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 9 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		10.0,
+		15.0,
+		4.0,
+		8.0,
+		12.0,
+		16.0,
+		20.0,
+		30.0,
+		35.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
 	t.end();
 });
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
index 5e6e969e04cb..422f23d1418c 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
@@ -47,6 +47,38 @@ tape( 'the function has an arity of 14', opts, function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
+tape( 'the function returns output unchanged if `k` is greater than or equal to total number of elements', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 9, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
 tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
@@ -121,6 +153,24 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 9 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 9 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		10.0,
+		15.0,
+		4.0,
+		8.0,
+		12.0,
+		16.0,
+		20.0,
+		30.0,
+		35.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
 	t.end();
 });
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
index f2385b211b6a..f83f3e1ccc18 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
@@ -38,6 +38,38 @@ tape( 'the function has an arity of 19', function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
+tape( 'the function returns output unchanged if `k` is greater than or equal to total number of elements', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 9, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
 tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
@@ -112,6 +144,24 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 9 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 9 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		10.0,
+		15.0,
+		4.0,
+		8.0,
+		12.0,
+		16.0,
+		20.0,
+		30.0,
+		35.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
 	t.end();
 });
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
index 6312e95860b7..9ea526f93632 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
@@ -47,6 +47,38 @@ tape( 'the function has an arity of 19', opts, function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
+tape( 'the function returns output unchanged if `k` is greater than or equal to total number of elements', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var o;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
+	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 9, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0,
+		0.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	t.end();
+});
+
 tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
@@ -121,6 +153,24 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 9 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 9 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		10.0,
+		15.0,
+		4.0,
+		8.0,
+		12.0,
+		16.0,
+		20.0,
+		30.0,
+		35.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
 	t.end();
 });
 

From 9e7b7086f17965b7322b1f8b0c6ad122454405b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Mar 2026 03:02:56 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 10/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: na
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        |  2 +
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js    | 75 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js  | 72 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js  | 72 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js    | 49 ++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 270 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index 4e2ebe92adbf..f83e75bf6e1f 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -102,8 +102,10 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 		}
 	} else if ( N > 0 ) {
 		prev = x[ offsetX ];
+		io = offsetX;
 	} else {
 		prev = append[ offsetA ];
+		io = offsetA;
 	}
 
 	// x
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
index 52504eb8ef99..c96e3c2e7eaa 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
@@ -99,6 +99,81 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		-11.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		10.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		15.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
 	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
 	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
index 422f23d1418c..81f4879d3b7b 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
@@ -108,6 +108,78 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		-11.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		10.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		15.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
 	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
 	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
index f83f3e1ccc18..dbd442bcd3b0 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
@@ -99,6 +99,78 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		-11.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		10.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		15.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
 	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
 	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
index 9ea526f93632..277a5e57fc1a 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
@@ -108,6 +108,55 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		-11.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		10.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0,
+		4.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
+	o = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+	expected = new Float64Array([
+		5.0,
+		15.0,
+		5.0
+	]);
+	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+
 	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
 	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
 

From 29ac5deef4763dd2074e1a79cfc55feb3ff7462c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 00:42:28 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 11/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: na
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp   | 95 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    |  4 +-
 .../base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js    |  3 +
 3 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp
index 0d6508a12e99..60dce9d0b31a 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/binding.gyp
@@ -29,6 +29,39 @@
     # Target name should match the add-on export name:
     'addon_target_name%': 'addon',
 
+    # Fortran compiler (to override -Dfortran_compiler=<compiler>):
+    'fortran_compiler%': 'gfortran',
+
+    # Fortran compiler flags:
+    'fflags': [
+      # Specify the Fortran standard to which a program is expected to conform:
+      '-std=f95',
+
+      # Indicate that the layout is free-form source code:
+      '-ffree-form',
+
+      # Aggressive optimization:
+      '-O3',
+
+      # Enable commonly used warning options:
+      '-Wall',
+
+      # Warn if source code contains problematic language features:
+      '-Wextra',
+
+      # Warn if a procedure is called without an explicit interface:
+      '-Wimplicit-interface',
+
+      # Do not transform names of entities specified in Fortran source files by appending underscores (i.e., don't mangle names, thus allowing easier usage in C wrappers):
+      '-fno-underscoring',
+
+      # Warn if source code contains Fortran 95 extensions and C-language constructs:
+      '-pedantic',
+
+      # Compile but do not link (output is an object file):
+      '-c',
+    ],
+
     # Set variables based on the host OS:
     'conditions': [
       [
@@ -128,6 +161,68 @@
           },
         ], # end condition (OS!="win")
       ], # end conditions
+
+      # Define custom build actions for particular inputs:
+      'rules': [
+        {
+          # Define a rule for processing Fortran files:
+          'extension': 'f',
+
+          # Define the pathnames to be used as inputs when performing processing:
+          'inputs': [
+            # Full path of the current input:
+            '<(RULE_INPUT_PATH)'
+          ],
+
+          # Define the outputs produced during processing:
+          'outputs': [
+            # Store an output object file in a directory for placing intermediate results (only accessible within a single target):
+            '<(INTERMEDIATE_DIR)/<(RULE_INPUT_ROOT).<(obj)'
+          ],
+
+          # Define the rule for compiling Fortran based on the host OS:
+          'conditions': [
+            [
+              'OS=="win"',
+
+              # Rule to compile Fortran on Windows:
+              {
+                'rule_name': 'compile_fortran_windows',
+                'message': 'Compiling Fortran file <(RULE_INPUT_PATH) on Windows...',
+
+                'process_outputs_as_sources': 0,
+
+                # Define the command-line invocation:
+                'action': [
+                  '<(fortran_compiler)',
+                  '<@(fflags)',
+                  '<@(_inputs)',
+                  '-o',
+                  '<@(_outputs)',
+                ],
+              },
+
+              # Rule to compile Fortran on non-Windows:
+              {
+                'rule_name': 'compile_fortran_linux',
+                'message': 'Compiling Fortran file <(RULE_INPUT_PATH) on Linux...',
+
+                'process_outputs_as_sources': 1,
+
+                # Define the command-line invocation:
+                'action': [
+                  '<(fortran_compiler)',
+                  '<@(fflags)',
+                  '-fPIC', # generate platform-independent code
+                  '<@(_inputs)',
+                  '-o',
+                  '<@(_outputs)',
+                ],
+              }
+            ], # end condition (OS=="win")
+          ], # end conditions
+        }, # end rule (extension=="f")
+      ], # end rules
     }, # end target <(addon_target_name)
 
     # Target to copy a generated add-on to a standard location:
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index dcb7ea28a2d8..d96d91f4fb97 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -123,8 +123,10 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		}
 	} else if ( N > 0 ) {
 		prev = X[ offsetX ];
+		io = offsetX;
 	} else {
 		prev = append[ offsetA ];
+		io = offsetA;
 	}
 
 	// x
@@ -216,7 +218,7 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 
 		// Copy `append` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
 	}
 
 	if ( k == 1 ) {
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
index 277a5e57fc1a..7631fd046955 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
@@ -135,6 +135,9 @@ tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double
 	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
 
+	o = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
 	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
 	expected = new Float64Array([
 		4.0,

From 57ae344bfd5064fc00b79a3a5e113354da439ef8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 2026 00:56:47 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 12/35] fix: bug in C

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: na
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index d96d91f4fb97..2f2c508a7941 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 		// Copy `append` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
 		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
+
+		return;
 	}
 
 	if ( k == 1 ) {

From 55c25341eb2125f1a32953f00b2532b297afcc02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:57:19 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 13/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: passed
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: passed
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md     |  50 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt |  20 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts |   6 +-
 .../include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h      |   4 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js  |   4 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js  |   2 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        |   6 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    |  68 +--
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js    | 428 ++++++++---------
 .../ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js  | 427 ++++++++---------
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js  | 445 ++++++++----------
 .../base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js    | 437 ++++++++---------
 12 files changed, 837 insertions(+), 1060 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
index 7e3dad1039d4..4c03848d09c5 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ The function has the following parameters:
 -   **prepend**: a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
 -   **strideP**: stride length for `prepend`.
 -   **N2**: number of elements to `append`.
--   **append**: a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
--   **strideA**: strides length for `append`.
+-   **append**: a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: stride length for `append`.
 -   **out**: output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 -   **strideOut**: stride length for `out`.
 -   **workspace**: workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ console.log( out );
 
 ## Notes
 
--   If `N <= 0`, both functions return `x` unchanged.
+-   If `N <= 0`, both functions return the output array unchanged.
 
 </section>
 
@@ -233,14 +233,14 @@ console.log( 'Output', out );
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
 
-#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, \*out, strideOut, workspace, strideW )
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, \*X, strideX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, N2, \*append, strideA, \*Out, strideOut, \*Workspace, strideW )
 
 Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 
 ```c
-double x[] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
-double p[] = { 1.0 };
-double a[] = { 11.0 };
+const double x[] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
+const double p[] = { 1.0 };
+const double a[] = { 11.0 };
 double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
@@ -251,33 +251,33 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 
 -   **N**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements.
 -   **k**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of times to recursively compute differences.
--   **x**: `[in] double` input [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **X**: `[in] double*` input array.
 -   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `x`.
 -   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `prepend`.
--   **prepend**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
 -   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
 -   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `append`.
--   **append**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
--   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` strides length for `append`.
--   **out**: `[in] double` output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+-   **append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `append`.
+-   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 -   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
--   **workspace**: `[in] double` workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+-   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 -   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend,  const CBLAS_INT strideP,  const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out,  const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace,  const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 ```
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
 
-#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, \*out, strideOut, offsetOut, w, strideW, offsetW )
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, \*X, strideX, offsetX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, \*append, strideA, offsetA, \*Out, strideOut, offsetOut, \*W, strideW, offsetW )
 
 Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 
 ```c
-double x[] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
-double p[] = { 1.0 };
-double a[] = { 11.0 };
+const double x[] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
+const double p[] = { 1.0 };
+const double a[] = { 11.0 };
 double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
@@ -288,26 +288,26 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 
 -   **N**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements.
 -   **k**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of times to recursively compute differences.
--   **x**: `[in] double` input [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
+-   **X**: `[in] double*` input array.
 -   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `x`.
 -   **offsetX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `x`.
 -   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `prepend`.
--   **prepend**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
 -   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
 -   **offsetP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `prepend`.
 -   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `append`.
--   **append**: `[in] double` a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences..
--   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` strides length for `append`.
+-   **append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `append`.
 -   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `append`.
--   **out**: `[in] double` output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+-   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 -   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
 -   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `out`.
--   **workspace**: `[in] double` workspace [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+-   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 -   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
 -   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend,  const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP,  const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out,  const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace,  const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 ```
 
 </section>
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
index 9852de4bd7a7..4a817f23503f 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     Indexing is relative to the first index. To introduce an offset, use a typed
     array view.
 
-    If `N <= 0`, the function returns `x` unchanged.
+    If `N <= 0`, the function returns the output array unchanged.
 
     Parameters
     ----------
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         Output array.
 
     so: integer
-        Stride length for `Out`.
+        Stride length for `out`.
 
     w: Float64Array
         Workspace array.
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 
     Examples
     --------
-    // Standard Usage:
+    // Standard usage:
     > var x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );
     > var p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 0.0 ] );
     > var a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 3.0 ] );
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@
     > x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
     > p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0 ] );
     > a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 11.0 ] );
-    > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
-    > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
+    > out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
+    > w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 4 );
     > {{alias}}( 3, 1, x, 2, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 )
     <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ]
 
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@
     > var x1 = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( x0.buffer, x0.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT*1 );
     > p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0 ] );
     > a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 11.0 ] );
-    > var out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 5 );
-    > var w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 5 );
+    > out = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 5 );
+    > w = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( 5 );
     > {{alias}}( x1.length, 1, x1, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 )
     <Float64Array>[ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
 
@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@
         Output array.
 
     so: integer
-        Stride length for `Out`.
+        Stride length for `out`.
 
     oo: integer
-        Stride length for `Out`.
+        Starting index for `out`.
 
     w: Float64Array
         Workspace array.
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
 
     Examples
     --------
-    // Standard Usage:
+    // Standard usage:
     > var x = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 1.0, -2.0, 2.0 ] );
     > var p = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 0.0 ] );
     > var a = new {{alias:@stdlib/array/float64}}( [ 3.0 ] );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
index d69d36a691b2..67405c7ac7a3 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ interface Routine {
 	* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 	* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 	* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-	* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+	* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 	*
 	* ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 	*
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ interface Routine {
 	* var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 	* var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 	* var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-	* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+	* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 	*
 	* ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 	*
 	* console.log( out );
 	* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
 	*/
-	ndarray	( N: number, k: number, x: Float64Array, strideX: number, offsetX: number, N1: number, prepend: Float64Array, strideP: number, offsetP: number, N2: number, append: Float64Array, strideA: number, offsetA: number, out: Float64Array, strideOut: number, offsetOut: number, workspace: Float64Array, strideW: number, offsetW: number ): Float64Array;
+	ndarray( N: number, k: number, x: Float64Array, strideX: number, offsetX: number, N1: number, prepend: Float64Array, strideP: number, offsetP: number, N2: number, append: Float64Array, strideA: number, offsetA: number, out: Float64Array, strideOut: number, offsetOut: number, workspace: Float64Array, strideW: number, offsetW: number ): Float64Array;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
index 255b86ba2bf4..d88c49ef05d0 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ extern "C" {
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
index dbf67a53327d..b93804217308 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ var ndarray = require( './ndarray.js' );
 * var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 * var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 * var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 *
 * ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 *
 * console.log( out );
-* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
+* // out => <Float64Array>[ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ]
 */
 function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW ) {
 	var ox = stride2offset( N, strideX );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js
index f059ed607ee6..706d13717606 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/index.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 * var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 * var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 * var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 *
 * ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 *
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index f83e75bf6e1f..84825104bb29 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -102,10 +102,10 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 		}
 	} else if ( N > 0 ) {
 		prev = x[ offsetX ];
-		io = offsetX;
+		io = offsetOut;
 	} else {
 		prev = append[ offsetA ];
-		io = offsetA;
+		io = offsetOut;
 	}
 
 	// x
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 * var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 * var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 * var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 *
 * ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 *
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index 2f2c508a7941..5248acbb6a7e 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -34,18 +34,18 @@
 * @param N2         number of indexed elements of append
 * @param append     append array
 * @param strideA    stride length for `append`
-* @param out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for `out`
-* @param workspace  workspace array
-* @param strideW    stride length for `workspace`
+* @param Out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for `Out`
+* @param Workspace  workspace array
+* @param strideW    stride length for `Workspace`
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
 	const CBLAS_INT ox = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N, strideX );
 	const CBLAS_INT op = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N1, strideP );
 	const CBLAS_INT oa = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N2, strideA );
 	const CBLAS_INT oo = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-k, strideOut );
 	const CBLAS_INT ow = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-1, strideW );
-	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, prepend, strideP, op, N2, append, strideA, oa, out, strideOut, oo, workspace, strideW, ow );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, prepend, strideP, op, N2, append, strideA, oa, Out, strideOut, oo, Workspace, strideW, ow );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, con
 * @param append     append array
 * @param strideA    stride length for `append`
 * @param offsetA    starting index for `append`
-* @param out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for `out`
-* @param offsetOut  starting index for `out`
+* @param Out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for `Out`
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for `Out`
 */
-static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
+static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	double prev;
 	double curr;
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 			ix += strideX;
 			curr = X[ ix ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
@@ -106,27 +106,27 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
 			ip += strideP;
 			curr = prepend[ ip ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
 		if ( N > 0 ) {
 			curr = X[ offsetX ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		} else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
 			curr = append[ offsetA ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
 	} else if ( N > 0 ) {
 		prev = X[ offsetX ];
-		io = offsetX;
+		io = offsetOut;
 	} else {
 		prev = append[ offsetA ];
-		io = offsetA;
+		io = offsetOut;
 	}
 
 	// x
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 			ix += strideX;
 			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 				curr = X[ ix ];
-				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 				prev = curr;
 				io += strideOut;
 				ix += strideX;
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 			ix += strideX;
 			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 				curr = X[ ix ];
-				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 				prev = curr;
 				io += strideOut;
 				ix += strideX;
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		}
 		if ( N2 > 0 ) {
 			curr = append[ offsetA ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		ia = offsetA + strideA;
 		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
 			curr = append[ ia ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 			ia += strideA;
@@ -190,14 +190,14 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 * @param append     append array
 * @param strideA    stride length for `append`
 * @param offsetA    starting index for `append`
-* @param out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for `out`
-* @param offsetOut  starting index for `out`
-* @param workspace  workspace array
-* @param strideW    stride length for `workspace`
-* @param offsetW    starting index for `workspace`
+* @param Out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for `Out`
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for `Out`
+* @param Workspace  workspace array
+* @param strideW    stride length for `Workspace`
+* @param offsetW    starting index for `Workspace`
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	CBLAS_INT io;
 	CBLAS_INT n;
@@ -210,31 +210,31 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 
 	if ( k == 0 ) {
 		// Copy `prepend` into output array:
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
 		// Copy `x` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, io );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, Out, strideOut, io );
 
 		// Copy `append` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, io );
 
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if ( k == 1 ) {
-		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 		return;
 	}
 
-	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 
 	n = total - 1;
 	for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
-		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 		n -= 1;
 	}
-	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 	return;
 }
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
index c96e3c2e7eaa..ffed9f77726e 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.js
@@ -33,311 +33,257 @@ tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function has an arity of 14', function test( t ) {
-	t.strictEqual( ddiff.length, 14, 'returns expected value' );
+tape( 'the function calculates the first forward difference', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function returns output unchanged if `k` is greater than or equal to total number of elements', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function calculates higher-order forward differences', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 9, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Second forward difference (k=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Third forward difference (k=3):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 5 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports k=0 (copies input)', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		-11.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		10.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 7.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
 
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		-11.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		10.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 4 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
 
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 3 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+tape( 'the function returns the output array unchanged for trivial cases', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		15.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// N <= 0:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
 
-	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 5.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
 	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
-	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
 	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-16.0,
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		31.0,
-		-15.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-11.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 5 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-46.0,
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-17.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 9 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 9 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		10.0,
-		15.0,
-		4.0,
-		8.0,
-		12.0,
-		16.0,
-		20.0,
-		30.0,
-		35.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	ddiff( x.length, 5, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if provided the sum of `N`, `N1` & `N2` parameter is less than or equal to `1`, the function returns `out` unchanged', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports no prepend and no append', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
 
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports stride parameters', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports strides', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 2, p, 2, 2, a, 2, o, 2, w, 2 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		-21.0,
-		0.0,
-		8.0,
-		0.0,
-		8.0,
-		0.0,
-		10.0,
-		0.0,
-		15.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Negative strides:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, -1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 9.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 9.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 
+	// Strided access (stride=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports negative stride parameters', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports multiple prepend and append values', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, -2, 2, p, -2, 2, a, -2, o, -2, w, -2 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-15.0,
-		0.0,
-		41.0,
-		0.0,
-		-8.0,
-		0.0,
-		-8.0,
-		0.0,
-		10.0,
-		0.0,
-		-15.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Multiple prepend (N1=2), no append:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 6.0, 8.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 3.0, 2.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Multiple prepend (N1=2) and append (N2=1), no x:
+	x = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 7.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Prepend (N1=1), x, and multiple append (N2=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 6.0, 10.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports append without prepend', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+
+	// No prepend, x present, single append:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 5.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 10.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 3.0, 5.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// No prepend, no x, only append (N2=3):
+	x = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 4.0, 9.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 3, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 3.0, 5.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
index 81f4879d3b7b..6f29afc77df0 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ddiff.native.js
@@ -42,308 +42,257 @@ tape( 'main export is a function', opts, function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function has an arity of 14', opts, function test( t ) {
-	t.strictEqual( ddiff.length, 14, 'returns expected value' );
+tape( 'the function calculates the first forward difference', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function returns output unchanged if `k` is greater than or equal to total number of elements', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function calculates higher-order forward differences', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 9, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Second forward difference (k=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Third forward difference (k=3):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 5 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports k=0 (copies input)', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		-11.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		10.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		-11.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		10.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 7.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 5 );
 	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
 
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 3 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the output array unchanged for trivial cases', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		15.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// N <= 0:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
 
-	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 5.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
 	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
-	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
 	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-16.0,
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		31.0,
-		-15.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-11.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 5 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-46.0,
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-17.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 9 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 9 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		10.0,
-		15.0,
-		4.0,
-		8.0,
-		12.0,
-		16.0,
-		20.0,
-		30.0,
-		35.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	ddiff( x.length, 5, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if provided the sum of `N`, `N1` & `N2` parameter is less than or equal to `1`, the function returns `out` unchanged', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports no prepend and no append', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, o, 1, w, 1 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
 
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports stride parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports strides', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 2, p, 2, 2, a, 2, o, 2, w, 2 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		-21.0,
-		0.0,
-		8.0,
-		0.0,
-		8.0,
-		0.0,
-		10.0,
-		0.0,
-		15.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Negative strides:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, -1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 9.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 9.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 
+	// Strided access (stride=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports negative stride parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports multiple prepend and append values', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, -2, 2, p, -2, 2, a, -2, o, -2, w, -2 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-15.0,
-		0.0,
-		41.0,
-		0.0,
-		-8.0,
-		0.0,
-		-8.0,
-		0.0,
-		10.0,
-		0.0,
-		-15.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Multiple prepend (N1=2), no append:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 6.0, 8.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 0, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 3.0, 2.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Multiple prepend (N1=2) and append (N2=1), no x:
+	x = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 7.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Prepend (N1=1), x, and multiple append (N2=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 6.0, 10.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function supports append without prepend', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+
+	// No prepend, x present, single append:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 5.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 10.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 3.0, 5.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// No prepend, no x, only append (N2=3):
+	x = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 4.0, 9.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, p, 1, 3, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 3.0, 5.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
index dbd442bcd3b0..8363800de323 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.js
@@ -33,338 +33,269 @@ tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function has an arity of 19', function test( t ) {
-	t.strictEqual( ddiff.length, 19, 'returns expected value' );
+tape( 'the function calculates the first forward difference', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function returns output unchanged if `k` is greater than or equal to total number of elements', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function calculates higher-order forward differences', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 9, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Second forward difference (k=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Third forward difference (k=3):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 5 );
 
+	ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports k=0 (copies input)', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		-11.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		10.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		-11.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		10.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 7.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 5 );
 	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
 
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 3 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the output array unchanged for trivial cases', function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		15.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// N <= 0:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
 
-	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 5.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
 	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
-	o = new Float64Array( 1 );
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
 	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-16.0,
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		31.0,
-		-15.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-11.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 5 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-46.0,
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-17.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 9 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 9 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		10.0,
-		15.0,
-		4.0,
-		8.0,
-		12.0,
-		16.0,
-		20.0,
-		30.0,
-		35.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	ddiff( x.length, 5, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if provided the sum of `N`, `N1` & `N2` parameter is less than or equal to `1`, the function returns `out` unchanged', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports no prepend and no append', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
 
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports stride parameters', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports strides and offsets', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 0, 2, p, 2, 0, 2, a, 2, 0, o, 2, 0, w, 2, 0 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		-21.0,
-		0.0,
-		8.0,
-		0.0,
-		8.0,
-		0.0,
-		10.0,
-		0.0,
-		15.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Offset for `x`:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( 3, 1, x, 1, 2, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Negative strides:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, -1, 4, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 9.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 9.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Strided access (stride=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports negative stride parameters', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports multiple prepend and append values', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, -2, 4, 2, p, -2, 2, 2, a, -2, 2, o, -2, 10, w, -2, 10 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-15.0,
-		0.0,
-		41.0,
-		0.0,
-		-8.0,
-		0.0,
-		-8.0,
-		0.0,
-		10.0,
-		0.0,
-		-15.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Multiple prepend (N1=2), no append:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 6.0, 8.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 3.0, 2.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Multiple prepend (N1=2) and append (N2=1), no x:
+	x = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 7.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 
+	// Prepend (N1=1), x, and multiple append (N2=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 6.0, 10.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports offset parameters', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports append without prepend', function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	// No prepend, x present, single append:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 5.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 10.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 3.0, 5.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// No prepend, no x, only append (N2=3):
+	x = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 4.0, 9.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 1, 2, 1, p, 1, 2, 1, a, 1, 2, o, 1, 2, w, 1, 2 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		-13,
-		4,
-		4,
-		25
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 3, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 3.0, 5.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
index 7631fd046955..dd7741c2fe6d 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/test/test.ndarray.native.js
@@ -42,318 +42,269 @@ tape( 'main export is a function', opts, function test( t ) {
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function has an arity of 19', opts, function test( t ) {
-	t.strictEqual( ddiff.length, 19, 'returns expected value' );
+tape( 'the function calculates the first forward difference', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function returns output unchanged if `k` is greater than or equal to total number of elements', function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function calculates higher-order forward differences', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 9, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Second forward difference (k=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 7.0, 11.0, 16.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 5 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Third forward difference (k=3):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0, 15.0, 21.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 5 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports k=0 (copies input)', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		-11.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		10.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		-11.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		10.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 7.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 5 );
 	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
 
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0,
-		4.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 3 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+	t.end();
+});
+
+tape( 'the function returns the output array unchanged for trivial cases', opts, function test( t ) {
+	var expected;
+	var out;
+	var x;
+	var p;
+	var a;
+	var w;
+
+	// N <= 0:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		5.0,
-		15.0,
-		5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 7 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-16.0,
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-5.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 3, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		31.0,
-		-15.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-11.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 5 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-46.0,
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		6.0,
-		-17.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
-
-	o = new Float64Array( 9 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 9 );
-
-	out = ddiff( x.length, 0, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		10.0,
-		15.0,
-		4.0,
-		8.0,
-		12.0,
-		16.0,
-		20.0,
-		30.0,
-		35.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0, 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 5.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
+
+	ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	w = new Float64Array( 1 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 5, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 0.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'if provided the sum of `N`, `N1` & `N2` parameter is less than or equal to `1`, the function returns `out` unchanged', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports no prepend and no append', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 8 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 8 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 1, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, o, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		0.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports stride parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports strides and offsets', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 0, 2, p, 2, 0, 2, a, 2, 0, o, 2, 0, w, 2, 0 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		15.0,
-		0.0,
-		-21.0,
-		0.0,
-		8.0,
-		0.0,
-		8.0,
-		0.0,
-		10.0,
-		0.0,
-		15.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Offset for `x`:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( 3, 1, x, 1, 2, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Negative strides:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, -1, 4, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 9.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 9.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Strided access (stride=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 11.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( 3, 1, x, 2, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 4.0, 4.0, 1.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports negative stride parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports multiple prepend and append values', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 11 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 11 );
-
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, -2, 4, 2, p, -2, 2, 2, a, -2, 2, o, -2, 10, w, -2, 10 ); // eslint-disable-line max-len
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		-15.0,
-		0.0,
-		41.0,
-		0.0,
-		-8.0,
-		0.0,
-		-8.0,
-		0.0,
-		10.0,
-		0.0,
-		-15.0
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	// Multiple prepend (N1=2), no append:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 6.0, 8.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	out = new Float64Array( 3 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 3 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 0, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 3.0, 2.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// Multiple prepend (N1=2) and append (N2=1), no x:
+	x = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 3.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 7.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 2, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 
+	// Prepend (N1=1), x, and multiple append (N2=2):
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 6.0, 10.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 4 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 4 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 2, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 4.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });
 
-tape( 'the function supports offset parameters', opts, function test( t ) {
+tape( 'the function supports append without prepend', opts, function test( t ) {
 	var expected;
 	var out;
 	var x;
 	var p;
 	var a;
-	var o;
 	var w;
 
-	x = new Float64Array( [ 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 ] );
-	p = new Float64Array( [ 10.0, 15.0, 25.0 ] );
-	a = new Float64Array( [ 30.0, 35.0, 45.0 ] );
-	o = new Float64Array( 6 );
-	w = new Float64Array( 6 );
+	// No prepend, x present, single append:
+	x = new Float64Array( [ 2.0, 5.0 ] );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 10.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
+
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
+
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 3.0, 5.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
+
+	// No prepend, no x, only append (N2=3):
+	x = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	p = new Float64Array( 0 );
+	a = new Float64Array( [ 1.0, 4.0, 9.0 ] );
+	out = new Float64Array( 2 );
+	w = new Float64Array( 2 );
 
-	out = ddiff( 3, 1, x, 1, 2, 1, p, 1, 2, 1, a, 1, 2, o, 1, 2, w, 1, 2 );
-	expected = new Float64Array([
-		0.0,
-		0.0,
-		-13,
-		4,
-		4,
-		25
-	]);
-	t.deepEqual( o, expected, 'returns expected value' );
-	t.strictEqual( out, o, 'return expected value' );
+	ddiff( 0, 1, x, 1, 0, 0, p, 1, 0, 3, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 
+	expected = new Float64Array( [ 3.0, 5.0 ] );
+	t.deepEqual( out, expected, 'returns expected value' );
 	t.end();
 });

From 04a469440e31d97c07319763c585f46ef3ad4cc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 20:31:27 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 14/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: passed
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: passed
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md     |  63 ++++---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt |   9 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts |   4 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts    |  58 +++----
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c  |   4 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js     |   3 +-
 .../include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h      |   4 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js   | 154 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js   |   2 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        | 138 +---------------
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js |   2 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    | 116 +++++++------
 12 files changed, 289 insertions(+), 268 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
index 4c03848d09c5..e6579382eeac 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ The function has the following additional parameters:
 -   **offsetP**: starting index for `prepend`.
 -   **offsetA**: starting index for `append`.
 -   **offsetOut**: starting index for `out`.
--   **offsetW**: starting index of `workspace`.
+-   **offsetW**: starting index for `workspace`.
 
 While [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views mandate a view offset based on the underlying buffer, the offset parameter supports indexing semantics based on a starting index. For example, to access only the last three elements:
 
@@ -194,11 +194,10 @@ var a = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
 console.log( 'Append array: ', a );
 
 var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
-
 var w = new Float64Array( 13 );
 
 ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
-console.log( 'Output', out );
+console.log( 'Output: ', out );
 ```
 
 </section>
@@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ console.log( 'Output', out );
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
 
-#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, \*X, strideX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, N2, \*append, strideA, \*Out, strideOut, \*Workspace, strideW )
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, \*X, strideX, N1, \*Prepend, strideP, N2, \*Append, strideA, \*Out, strideOut, \*Workspace, strideW )
 
 Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 
@@ -252,25 +251,25 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **N**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements.
 -   **k**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of times to recursively compute differences.
 -   **X**: `[in] double*` input array.
--   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `x`.
--   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `prepend`.
--   **prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
--   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
--   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `append`.
--   **append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
--   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `append`.
+-   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `X`.
+-   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `Prepend`.
+-   **Prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Prepend`.
+-   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `Append`.
+-   **Append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Append`.
 -   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
--   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
+-   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Out`.
 -   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
--   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
+-   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 ```
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
 
-#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, \*X, strideX, offsetX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, \*append, strideA, offsetA, \*Out, strideOut, offsetOut, \*W, strideW, offsetW )
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, \*X, strideX, offsetX, N1, \*Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, \*Append, strideA, offsetA, \*Out, strideOut, offsetOut, \*W, strideW, offsetW )
 
 Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 
@@ -289,25 +288,25 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **N**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements.
 -   **k**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of times to recursively compute differences.
 -   **X**: `[in] double*` input array.
--   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `x`.
--   **offsetX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `x`.
--   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `prepend`.
--   **prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
--   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
--   **offsetP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `prepend`.
--   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `append`.
--   **append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
--   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `append`.
--   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `append`.
+-   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `X`.
+-   **offsetX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `X`.
+-   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `Prepend`.
+-   **Prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Prepend`.
+-   **offsetP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Prepend`.
+-   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `Append`.
+-   **Append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Append`.
+-   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Append`.
 -   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
--   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
--   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `out`.
+-   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Out`.
+-   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Out`.
 -   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
--   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
--   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `workspace`.
+-   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Workspace`.
+-   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 ```
 
 </section>
@@ -342,10 +341,10 @@ int main( void ) {
     // Define append values:
     const double a[] = { 10.0 };
 
-    // Define output array:
+    // Define an output array:
     double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
-    // Define workspace:
+    // Define a workspace:
     double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
     // Compute forward differences:
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
index 4a817f23503f..00d8714e745c 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-
 {{alias}}( N, k, x,sx, N1,p,sp, N2,a,sa, out,so, w,sw )
     Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision
     floating-point strided array.
@@ -44,13 +43,13 @@
         Stride length for `append`.
 
     out: Float64Array
-        Output array.
+        Output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 
     so: integer
         Stride length for `out`.
 
     w: Float64Array
-        Workspace array.
+        Workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 
     sw: integer
         Stride length for `workspace`.
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@
         Starting index for `append`.
 
     out: Float64Array
-        Output array.
+        Output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 
     so: integer
         Stride length for `out`.
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@
         Starting index for `out`.
 
     w: Float64Array
-        Workspace array.
+        Workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 
     sw: integer
         Stride length for `workspace`.
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
index 67405c7ac7a3..330089611030 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ interface Routine {
 * var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 * var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 * var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 *
 * ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 *
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ interface Routine {
 * var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 * var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 * var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 *
 * ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 *
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
index a5188f29ccf8..531bc0c6e667 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an eigth argument which is not a number...
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an eighth argument which is not a number...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, ( x: number ): number => x, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an eleventth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided an eleventh argument which is not a Float64Array...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a twelveth argument which is not a number...
+// The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a twelfth argument which is not a number...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a sixth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a sixth argument which is not a number...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -417,14 +417,14 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, '10', p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, true, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, false, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, null, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, null, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, undefined, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, [], p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, {}, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a seventh argument which is not a number...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a seventh argument which is not a Float64Array...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const a = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eigth argument which is not a number...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eighth argument which is not a number...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a ninth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a ninth argument which is not a number...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -467,14 +467,14 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
 	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
 
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, '10', 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, true, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, false, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, null, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, undefined, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, [], 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, {}, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, a, 0, 1, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, '10', 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, true, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, false, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, null, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, undefined, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, [], 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, {}, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
 // The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a tenth argument which is not a number...
@@ -495,24 +495,24 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eleventth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eleventh argument which is not a Float64Array...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
 	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
 	const w = new Float64Array( 9 );
 
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, '10', 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, true, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, false, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, null, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, undefined, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, [], 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, {}, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0, out, 0, 1, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, '10', 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, true, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, false, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, null, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, undefined, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, [], 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, {}, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a twelveth argument which is not a number...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a twelfth argument which is not a number...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, ( x: number ): number => x, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a thirteenth argument which is not a Float64Array...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a thirteenth argument which is not a number...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fourteenth argument which is not a number...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a fourteenth argument which is not a Float64Array...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, ( x: number ): number => x, w, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a seventeenth argument which is not a number...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a seventeenth argument which is not a Float64Array...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
index 0b6fe9dc54a1..457db7655bbf 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ int main( void ) {
 	// Define append values:
 	const double a[] = { 10.0 };
 
-	// Define output array:
+	// Define an output array:
 	double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
-	// Define workspace:
+	// Define a workspace:
 	double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
 	// Compute forward differences:
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js
index fe1c0280d3b0..65b98bd980e9 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/index.js
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ var a = discreteUniform( 2, -100, 100, {
 console.log( 'Append array: ', a );
 
 var out = new Float64Array( 10 );
-
 var w = new Float64Array( 13 );
 
 ddiff( x.length, 4, x, 1, 2, p, 1, 2, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
-console.log( 'Output', out );
+console.log( 'Output: ', out );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
index d88c49ef05d0..25375da46c1b 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ extern "C" {
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0995c93b8754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/**
+* @license Apache-2.0
+*
+* Copyright (c) 2026 The Stdlib Authors.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+/* eslint-disable max-params, max-len */
+
+'use strict';
+
+// MAIN //
+
+/**
+* Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+*
+* @private
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
+* @param {Float64Array} x - input array
+* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
+* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {Float64Array} append - append array
+* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
+* @param {Float64Array} out - output array
+* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
+* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
+* @returns {Float64Array} output array
+*/
+function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut ) {
+	var total;
+	var prev;
+	var curr;
+	var ix;
+	var io;
+	var ip;
+	var ia;
+	var i;
+
+	total = N + N1 + N2;
+	if ( total <= 1 ) {
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	if ( N1 === 0 && N2 === 0 ) {
+		ix = offsetX;
+		io = offsetOut;
+		prev = x[ ix ];
+		for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+			ix += strideX;
+			curr = x[ ix ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	// Prepend
+	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
+		io = offsetOut;
+		ip = offsetP;
+		prev = prepend[ ip ];
+		for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
+			ip += strideP;
+			curr = prepend[ ip ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+		if ( N > 0 ) {
+			curr = x[ offsetX ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		} else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+	} else if ( N > 0 ) {
+		prev = x[ offsetX ];
+		io = offsetOut;
+	} else {
+		prev = append[ offsetA ];
+		io = offsetOut;
+	}
+
+	// x
+	if ( N > 0 ) {
+		ix = offsetX;
+		if ( N1 === 0 ) {
+			prev = x[ ix ];
+			ix += strideX;
+			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+				curr = x[ ix ];
+				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				prev = curr;
+				io += strideOut;
+				ix += strideX;
+			}
+		} else {
+			ix += strideX;
+			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
+				curr = x[ ix ];
+				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				prev = curr;
+				io += strideOut;
+				ix += strideX;
+			}
+		}
+		if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
+		ia = offsetA + strideA;
+		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
+			curr = append[ ia ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			prev = curr;
+			io += strideOut;
+			ia += strideA;
+		}
+	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+
+// EXPORTS //
+
+module.exports = base;
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
index 2001856b8e47..34ef7c7c42c4 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ var addon = require( './../src/addon.node' );
 * var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 * var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 * var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 *
 * ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 );
 *
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index 84825104bb29..b3f690f94070 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -22,136 +22,8 @@
 
 // MODULES //
 
-var dcopy = require( '@stdlib/blas/base/dcopy' );
-
-
-// FUNCTIONS //
-
-/**
-* Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
-*
-* @private
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
-* @param {Float64Array} x - input array
-* @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
-* @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
-* @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
-* @param {Float64Array} append - append array
-* @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`
-* @param {Float64Array} out - output array
-* @param {integer} strideOut - stride length for `out`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} offsetOut - starting index for `out`
-* @returns {Float64Array} output array
-*/
-function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut ) {
-	var total;
-	var prev;
-	var curr;
-	var ix;
-	var io;
-	var ip;
-	var ia;
-	var i;
-
-	total = N + N1 + N2;
-	if ( total <= 1 ) {
-		return out;
-	}
-
-	if ( N1 === 0 && N2 === 0 ) {
-		ix = offsetX;
-		io = offsetOut;
-		prev = x[ ix ];
-		for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
-			ix += strideX;
-			curr = x[ ix ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
-			prev = curr;
-			io += strideOut;
-		}
-		return out;
-	}
-
-	// Prepend
-	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
-		io = offsetOut;
-		ip = offsetP;
-		prev = prepend[ ip ];
-		for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
-			ip += strideP;
-			curr = prepend[ ip ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
-			prev = curr;
-			io += strideOut;
-		}
-		if ( N > 0 ) {
-			curr = x[ offsetX ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
-			prev = curr;
-			io += strideOut;
-		} else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-			curr = append[ offsetA ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
-			prev = curr;
-			io += strideOut;
-		}
-	} else if ( N > 0 ) {
-		prev = x[ offsetX ];
-		io = offsetOut;
-	} else {
-		prev = append[ offsetA ];
-		io = offsetOut;
-	}
-
-	// x
-	if ( N > 0 ) {
-		ix = offsetX;
-		if ( N1 === 0 ) {
-			prev = x[ ix ];
-			ix += strideX;
-			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
-				curr = x[ ix ];
-				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
-				prev = curr;
-				io += strideOut;
-				ix += strideX;
-			}
-		} else {
-			ix += strideX;
-			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
-				curr = x[ ix ];
-				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
-				prev = curr;
-				io += strideOut;
-				ix += strideX;
-			}
-		}
-		if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-			curr = append[ offsetA ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
-			prev = curr;
-			io += strideOut;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-		ia = offsetA + strideA;
-		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
-			curr = append[ ia ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
-			prev = curr;
-			io += strideOut;
-			ia += strideA;
-		}
-	}
-	return out;
-}
+var dcopy = require( '@stdlib/blas/base/dcopy' ).ndarray;
+var base = require( './base.js' );
 
 
 // MAIN //
@@ -212,15 +84,15 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 
 	if ( k === 0 ) {
 		// Copy `prepend` into output array:
-		dcopy.ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		dcopy( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
 		// Copy `x` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
-		dcopy.ndarray( N, x, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, io );
+		dcopy( N, x, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, io );
 
 		// Copy `append` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
-		dcopy.ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
+		dcopy( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
 
 		return out;
 	}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
index 130555f1c442..4853fdd67feb 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ var addon = require( './../src/addon.node' );
 * var p = new Float64Array( [ 1.0 ] );
 * var a = new Float64Array( [ 22.0 ] );
 * var out = new Float64Array( 5 );
-* var w = new Float64Array( 6 )
+* var w = new Float64Array( 6 );
 *
 * ddiff( x.length, 2, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, w, 1, 0 );
 *
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index 5248acbb6a7e..66a2455a0aff 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -26,49 +26,48 @@
 *
 * @param N          number of indexed elements
 * @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
-* @param x          input array
-* @param strideX    stride length for `x`
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements of prepend
-* @param prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for `prepend`
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements of append
-* @param append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for `append`
+* @param X          input array
+* @param strideX    stride length for X
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements of Prepend
+* @param Prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements of Append
+* @param Append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for Append
 * @param Out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for `Out`
+* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
 * @param Workspace  workspace array
-* @param strideW    stride length for `Workspace`
+* @param strideW    stride length for Workspace
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
 	const CBLAS_INT ox = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N, strideX );
 	const CBLAS_INT op = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N1, strideP );
 	const CBLAS_INT oa = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N2, strideA );
 	const CBLAS_INT oo = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-k, strideOut );
 	const CBLAS_INT ow = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-1, strideW );
-	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, prepend, strideP, op, N2, append, strideA, oa, Out, strideOut, oo, Workspace, strideW, ow );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, Prepend, strideP, op, N2, Append, strideA, oa, Out, strideOut, oo, Workspace, strideW, ow );
 }
 
 /**
 * Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 *
 * @param N          number of indexed elements
-* @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
-* @param x          input array
-* @param strideX    stride length for `x`
-* @param offsetX    starting index for `x`
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements of prepend
-* @param prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for `prepend`
-* @param offsetP    starting index for `prepend`
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements of append
-* @param append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for `append`
-* @param offsetA    starting index for `append`
+* @param X          input array
+* @param strideX    stride length for X
+* @param offsetX    starting index for X
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements of Prepend
+* @param Prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
+* @param offsetP    starting index for Prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements of Append
+* @param Append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for Append
+* @param offsetA    starting index for Append
 * @param Out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for `Out`
-* @param offsetOut  starting index for `Out`
+* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for Out
 */
-static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
+static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	double prev;
 	double curr;
@@ -83,7 +82,6 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		return;
 	}
 
-	io = 0;
 	if ( N1 == 0 && N2 == 0 ) {
 		ix = offsetX;
 		io = offsetOut;
@@ -102,10 +100,10 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
 		io = offsetOut;
 		ip = offsetP;
-		prev = prepend[ ip ];
+		prev = Prepend[ ip ];
 		for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
 			ip += strideP;
-			curr = prepend[ ip ];
+			curr = Prepend[ ip ];
 			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
@@ -116,7 +114,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		} else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			curr = Append[ offsetA ];
 			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		prev = X[ offsetX ];
 		io = offsetOut;
 	} else {
-		prev = append[ offsetA ];
+		prev = Append[ offsetA ];
 		io = offsetOut;
 	}
 
@@ -153,7 +151,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 			}
 		}
 		if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			curr = Append[ offsetA ];
 			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
@@ -164,7 +162,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
 		ia = offsetA + strideA;
 		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
-			curr = append[ ia ];
+			curr = Append[ ia ];
 			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
@@ -179,25 +177,25 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 *
 * @param N          number of indexed elements
 * @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
-* @param x          input array
-* @param strideX    stride length for `x`
-* @param offsetX    starting index for `x`
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements of prepend
-* @param prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for `prepend`
-* @param offsetP    starting index for `prepend`
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements of append
-* @param append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for `append`
-* @param offsetA    starting index for `append`
+* @param X          input array
+* @param strideX    stride length for X
+* @param offsetX    starting index for X
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements of Prepend
+* @param Prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
+* @param offsetP    starting index for Prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements of Append
+* @param Append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for Append
+* @param offsetA    starting index for Append
 * @param Out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for `Out`
-* @param offsetOut  starting index for `Out`
+* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for Out
 * @param Workspace  workspace array
-* @param strideW    stride length for `Workspace`
-* @param offsetW    starting index for `Workspace`
+* @param strideW    stride length for Workspace
+* @param offsetW    starting index for Workspace
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	CBLAS_INT io;
 	CBLAS_INT n;
@@ -209,32 +207,32 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 	}
 
 	if ( k == 0 ) {
-		// Copy `prepend` into output array:
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		// Copy `Prepend` into output array:
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
-		// Copy `x` into output array:
+		// Copy `X` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
 		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, Out, strideOut, io );
 
-		// Copy `append` into output array:
+		// Copy `Append` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, io );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, io );
 
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if ( k == 1 ) {
-		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 		return;
 	}
 
-	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 
 	n = total - 1;
 	for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
-		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, Append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 		n -= 1;
 	}
-	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 	return;
 }

From dd84fbc1dc5908a9f2b851151dd5b16133192849 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 20:46:40 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 15/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: na
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js | 2 +-
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c     | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index b3f690f94070..818955086b19 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 		return out;
 	}
 
-	// If k >= total number of elements, the k-th forward difference results in an empty array, so this function is a no-op.
+	// If k >= total number of elements, the k-th forward difference results in an empty array, so this function is a no-op...
 	if ( k >= total ) {
 		return out;
 	}
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index 66a2455a0aff..9821c227cd5b 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -202,6 +202,8 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 	CBLAS_INT i;
 
 	total = N + N1 + N2;
+
+	// If k >= total number of elements, the k-th forward difference results in an empty array, so this function is a no-op...
 	if ( total <= 1 || k >= total ) {
 		return;
 	}

From 613fee5354d979909db899815172a09d74f815ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 19:33:58 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 16/35] refactor: reduce code duplication and add comments

Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js | 18 +++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index 818955086b19..c2edbf18b3e6 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -76,12 +76,11 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 	if ( total <= 1 ) {
 		return out;
 	}
-
-	// If k >= total number of elements, the k-th forward difference results in an empty array, so this function is a no-op...
+	// If `k` is greater than or equal to the total number of elements, the k-th forward difference results in an empty array, so this function is a no-op...
 	if ( k >= total ) {
 		return out;
 	}
-
+	// If `k` is equal to zero, there are no differences to compute, so we merely copy the various arrays into the output array...
 	if ( k === 0 ) {
 		// Copy `prepend` into output array:
 		dcopy( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
@@ -96,21 +95,22 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 
 		return out;
 	}
+	// Compute the first forward difference:
+	base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 
+	// If `k` is one, we're finished...
 	if ( k === 1 ) {
-		base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 		return out;
 	}
-
-	base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
-
+	// Otherwise, recursively compute forward differences...
 	n = total - 1;
-	for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
+	for ( i = 1; i < k-1; i++ ) {
 		base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 		n -= 1;
 	}
-
+	// For the last forward difference, ensure that results are written to the output array:
 	base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+
 	return out;
 }
 

From 5bc564420599b41680705537e5a48d1a01de3397 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 19:36:19 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 17/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js           | 4 ++--
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js   | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
index 34ef7c7c42c4..21cd2d8db33c 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.native.js
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ var addon = require( './../src/addon.node' );
 * @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
 * @param {Float64Array} x - input array
 * @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements for `prepend`
 * @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
 * @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements for `append`
 * @param {Float64Array} append - append array
 * @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
 * @param {Float64Array} out - output array
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index c2edbf18b3e6..3e5df0ee522c 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ var base = require( './base.js' );
 * @param {Float64Array} x - input array
 * @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements for `prepend`
 * @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
 * @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements for `append`
 * @param {Float64Array} append - append array
 * @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`

From 456c789b8bd488e57f619002e5595e11747bfe65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 20:49:06 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 18/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js           | 11 ++++-------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
index 0995c93b8754..1979b84b0ba1 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 	if ( total <= 1 ) {
 		return out;
 	}
-
+	// Calculate the forward difference over the input array...
 	if ( N1 === 0 && N2 === 0 ) {
 		ix = offsetX;
 		io = offsetOut;
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 		}
 		return out;
 	}
-
-	// Prepend
+	// Calculate the forward difference over the list of prepended values...
 	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
 		io = offsetOut;
 		ip = offsetP;
@@ -102,8 +101,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 		prev = append[ offsetA ];
 		io = offsetOut;
 	}
-
-	// x
+	// Calculate the forward difference over the input array...
 	if ( N > 0 ) {
 		ix = offsetX;
 		if ( N1 === 0 ) {
@@ -133,8 +131,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
 	}
-
-	// Append
+	// Calculate the forward difference over the list of appended values...
 	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
 		ia = offsetA + strideA;
 		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {

From f3e46f2bf0ce7b1b55db73037c516526a665019e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 20:50:22 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 19/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
index 1979b84b0ba1..51bc294364d7 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@
 // MAIN //
 
 /**
-* Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+* Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 *
 * @private
 * @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
 * @param {Float64Array} x - input array
 * @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements for `prepend`
 * @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
 * @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements for `append`
 * @param {Float64Array} append - append array
 * @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`

From c54a447ea5e237c5c9d14458aad0cf1275dc995e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 20:54:57 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 20/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        | 11 ++++++-----
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index 3e5df0ee522c..929ae1a06c8e 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -95,14 +95,15 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 
 		return out;
 	}
-	// Compute the first forward difference:
-	base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
-
-	// If `k` is one, we're finished...
+	// If `k` is equal to one, we can compute the forward difference while writing directly to the output array...
 	if ( k === 1 ) {
+		base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 		return out;
 	}
-	// Otherwise, recursively compute forward differences...
+	// Compute the first forward difference:
+	base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+	
+	// Recursively compute the next forward differences...
 	n = total - 1;
 	for ( i = 1; i < k-1; i++ ) {
 		base( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );

From 9a763a7dfe838981553ab026070e2dae6bb5a737 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 20:58:50 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 21/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index 929ae1a06c8e..c416f03a2f88 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -73,11 +73,9 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 	var i;
 
 	total = N + N1 + N2;
-	if ( total <= 1 ) {
-		return out;
-	}
+
 	// If `k` is greater than or equal to the total number of elements, the k-th forward difference results in an empty array, so this function is a no-op...
-	if ( k >= total ) {
+	if ( total <= 1 || k >= total ) {
 		return out;
 	}
 	// If `k` is equal to zero, there are no differences to compute, so we merely copy the various arrays into the output array...

From e5a93f56d7d8671e077ddc3414181c44d32162dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 21:00:29 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 22/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js         | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
index 4853fdd67feb..3194a1c358b3 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ var addon = require( './../src/addon.node' );
 * @param {Float64Array} x - input array
 * @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements for `prepend`
 * @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
 * @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements for `append`
 * @param {Float64Array} append - append array
 * @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
 * @param {PositiveInteger} offsetA - starting index for `append`

From cdb8c38a904dde60e5e72da35bcf296cb87d2a59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 21:01:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 23/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js           | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
index 3194a1c358b3..326b78c3393d 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.native.js
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ var addon = require( './../src/addon.node' );
 // MAIN //
 
 /**
-* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 *
 * @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
 * @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences

From 4049ecfa347d3dac05fdb64726270ab6c8147b63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 2026 21:04:38 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 24/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index 9821c227cd5b..a111a44fdcb8 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, con
 */
 static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
-	double prev;
-	double curr;
 	CBLAS_INT ix;
 	CBLAS_INT ip;
 	CBLAS_INT ia;
 	CBLAS_INT io;
 	CBLAS_INT i;
+	double prev;
+	double curr;
 
 	total = N + N1 + N2;
 	if ( total <= 1 ) {

From 7e836acce58e321464ee6bfb6c8621c7fbedbdb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 02:04:04 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 25/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: passed
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: passed
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: passed
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md     |  66 +++----
 .../ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js     |   2 +-
 .../base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js  |   2 +-
 .../base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js |   2 +-
 .../benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js     |   2 +-
 .../base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c |   4 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt |  10 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts |  27 ++-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c  |   8 +-
 .../include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h      |   4 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js  |   4 +-
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js        |   2 +-
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    | 174 +++++++++---------
 13 files changed, 161 insertions(+), 146 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
index e6579382eeac..2f6d1e60bc9d 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ The function has the following parameters:
 -   **k**: number of times to recursively compute differences.
 -   **x**: input [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64].
 -   **strideX**: stride length for `x`.
--   **N1**: number of elements to `prepend`.
+-   **N1**: number of indexed elements to `prepend`.
 -   **prepend**: a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
 -   **strideP**: stride length for `prepend`.
--   **N2**: number of elements to `append`.
+-   **N2**: number of indexed elements to `append`.
 -   **append**: a [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64] containing values to append prior to computing differences.
 -   **strideA**: stride length for `append`.
 -   **out**: output [`Float64Array`][@stdlib/array/float64]. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ The function has the following additional parameters:
 -   **offsetOut**: starting index for `out`.
 -   **offsetW**: starting index for `workspace`.
 
-While [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views mandate a view offset based on the underlying buffer, the offset parameter supports indexing semantics based on a starting index. For example, to access only the last three elements:
+While [`typed array`][mdn-typed-array] views mandate a view offset based on the underlying buffer, the offset parameters support indexing semantics based on starting indices. For example, to access only the last three elements:
 
 ```javascript
 var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ console.log( 'Output: ', out );
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
 
-#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, \*X, strideX, N1, \*Prepend, strideP, N2, \*Append, strideA, \*Out, strideOut, \*Workspace, strideW )
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, \*X, strideX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, N2, \*append, strideA, \*out, strideOut, \*workspace, strideW )
 
 Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 
@@ -252,24 +252,24 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **k**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of times to recursively compute differences.
 -   **X**: `[in] double*` input array.
 -   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `X`.
--   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `Prepend`.
--   **Prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
--   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Prepend`.
--   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `Append`.
--   **Append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
--   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Append`.
--   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
--   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Out`.
--   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
--   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Workspace`.
+-   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `prepend`.
+-   **prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
+-   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `append`.
+-   **append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `append`.
+-   **out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+-   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
+-   **workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+-   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 ```
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
 
-#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, \*X, strideX, offsetX, N1, \*Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, \*Append, strideA, offsetA, \*Out, strideOut, offsetOut, \*W, strideW, offsetW )
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, \*X, strideX, offsetX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, \*append, strideA, offsetA, \*out, strideOut, offsetOut, \*workspace, strideW, offsetW )
 
 Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 
@@ -290,23 +290,23 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **X**: `[in] double*` input array.
 -   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `X`.
 -   **offsetX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `X`.
--   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `Prepend`.
--   **Prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
--   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Prepend`.
--   **offsetP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Prepend`.
--   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of elements in `Append`.
--   **Append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
--   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Append`.
--   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Append`.
--   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
--   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Out`.
--   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Out`.
--   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
--   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Workspace`.
--   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Workspace`.
+-   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `prepend`.
+-   **prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
+-   **offsetP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `prepend`.
+-   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `append`.
+-   **append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `append`.
+-   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `append`.
+-   **out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+-   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
+-   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `out`.
+-   **workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+-   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
+-   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 ```
 
 </section>
@@ -335,10 +335,10 @@ int main( void ) {
     // Create a strided array:
     const double x[] = { 1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0, 5.0, -6.0, 7.0, -8.0 };
 
-    // Define prepend values:
+    // Define a list of values to prepend:
     const double p[] = { -1.0 };
 
-    // Define append values:
+    // Define a list of values to append:
     const double a[] = { 10.0 };
 
     // Define an output array:
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js
index 410abdcfc8c9..d80913877e2a 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.js
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ function createBenchmark( len ) {
 	N = len;
 	N1 = 1;
 	N2 = 1;
-	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	k = 1;
 	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
 
 	x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js
index 2af38abe472a..c194ec52fcbd 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.native.js
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ function createBenchmark( len ) {
 	N = len;
 	N1 = 1;
 	N2 = 1;
-	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	k = 1;
 	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
 
 	x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js
index 6da61d94c29e..61f428f7cb4e 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.js
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ function createBenchmark( len ) {
 	N = len;
 	N1 = 1;
 	N2 = 1;
-	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	k = 1;
 	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
 
 	x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js
index 3ef25a13da0b..cedfc2b3bea3 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/benchmark.ndarray.native.js
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ function createBenchmark( len ) {
 	N = len;
 	N1 = 1;
 	N2 = 1;
-	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	k = 1;
 	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
 
 	x = uniform( N, -100, 100, options );
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c
index d44fbc873fa0..631d37da43e1 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/benchmark/c/benchmark.length.c
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ static double benchmark1( int iterations, int len ) {
 	N = len;
 	N1 = 1;
 	N2 = 1;
-	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	k = 1;
 	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
 	wl = N + N1 + N2 - 1;
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ static double benchmark2( int iterations, int len ) {
 	N = len;
 	N1 = 1;
 	N2 = 1;
-	k = 1; // worst case: N + N1 + N2 - 1
+	k = 1;
 	ol = N + N1 + N2 - k;
 	wl = N + N1 + N2 - 1;
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
index 00d8714e745c..0e9264eb791a 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@
         Stride length for `append`.
 
     out: Float64Array
-        Output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+        Output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` indexed elements.
 
     so: integer
         Stride length for `out`.
 
     w: Float64Array
-        Workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+        Workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` indexed elements.
 
     sw: integer
         Stride length for `workspace`.
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
     <Float64Array>[ 3.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0 ]
 
 
-{{alias}}.ndarray( N, k, x,sx,ox, N1,p,sp,op, N2,a,sa,oa, out,so,oo, w,sw,ow )
+{{alias}}.ndarray( N, k, x,sx,ox, N1, p,sp,op, N2, a,sa,oa, out,so,oo, w,sw,ow )
     Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision
     floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
         Starting index for `append`.
 
     out: Float64Array
-        Output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+        Output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` indexed elements.
 
     so: integer
         Stride length for `out`.
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
         Starting index for `out`.
 
     w: Float64Array
-        Workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+        Workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` indexed elements.
 
     sw: integer
         Stride length for `workspace`.
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
index 330089611030..65431be2ec3a 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ interface Routine {
 	* @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
 	* @param x - input array
 	* @param strideX - stride length for `x`
-	* @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+	* @param N1 - number of indexed elements for `prepend`
 	* @param prepend - prepend array
 	* @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
-	* @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+	* @param N2 - number of indexed elements for `append`
 	* @param append - append array
 	* @param strideA - stride length for `append`
 	* @param out - output array
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ interface Routine {
 	* @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
 	* @returns output array
 	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+	* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+	*
 	* @example
 	* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 	*
@@ -65,11 +70,11 @@ interface Routine {
 	* @param x - input array
 	* @param strideX - stride length for `x`
 	* @param offsetX - starting index for `x`
-	* @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+	* @param N1 - number of indexed elements for `prepend`
 	* @param prepend - prepend array
 	* @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
 	* @param offsetP - starting index for `prepend`
-	* @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+	* @param N2 - number of indexed elements for `append`
 	* @param append - append array
 	* @param strideA - stride length for `append`
 	* @param offsetA - starting index for `append`
@@ -81,6 +86,11 @@ interface Routine {
 	* @param offsetW - starting index for `workspace`
 	* @returns output array
 	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+	* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+	*
 	* @example
 	* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 	*
@@ -105,10 +115,10 @@ interface Routine {
 * @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
 * @param x - input array
 * @param strideX - stride length for `x`
-* @param N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param N1 - number of indexed elements for `prepend`
 * @param prepend - prepend array
 * @param strideP - stride length for `prepend`
-* @param N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param N2 - number of indexed elements for `append`
 * @param append - append array
 * @param strideA - stride length for `append`
 * @param out - output array
@@ -117,6 +127,11 @@ interface Routine {
 * @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
 * @returns output array
 *
+* ## Notes
+*
+* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+*
 * @example
 * var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 *
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
index 457db7655bbf..5f9360d0b304 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
@@ -23,16 +23,16 @@ int main( void ) {
 	// Create a strided array:
 	const double x[] = { 1.0, -2.0, 3.0, -4.0, 5.0, -6.0, 7.0, -8.0 };
 
-	// Define prepend values:
+	// Define a list of values to prepend:
 	const double p[] = { -1.0 };
 
-	// Define append values:
+	// Define a list of values to append:
 	const double a[] = { 10.0 };
 
-	// Define an output array:
+	// Define the output array:
 	double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
-	// Define a workspace:
+	// Define the workspace:
 	double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
 	// Compute forward differences:
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
index 25375da46c1b..255b86ba2bf4 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ extern "C" {
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
index b93804217308..63e370c5f6c2 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ddiff.js
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ var ndarray = require( './ndarray.js' );
 * @param {PositiveInteger} k - number of times to recursively compute differences
 * @param {Float64Array} x - input array
 * @param {integer} strideX - stride length for `x`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements of prepend
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N1 - number of indexed elements for `prepend`
 * @param {Float64Array} prepend - prepend array
 * @param {integer} strideP - stride length for `prepend`
-* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements of append
+* @param {PositiveInteger} N2 - number of indexed elements for `append`
 * @param {Float64Array} append - append array
 * @param {integer} strideA - stride length for `append`
 * @param {Float64Array} out - output array
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
index c416f03a2f88..e442f8aa56c9 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/ndarray.js
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ function ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, ap
 	}
 	// Compute the first forward difference:
 	base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
-	
+
 	// Recursively compute the next forward differences...
 	n = total - 1;
 	for ( i = 1; i < k-1; i++ ) {
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index a111a44fdcb8..65da5af602e1 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -21,53 +21,27 @@
 #include "stdlib/blas/base/dcopy.h"
 #include "stdlib/blas/base/shared.h"
 
-/**
-* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
-*
-* @param N          number of indexed elements
-* @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
-* @param X          input array
-* @param strideX    stride length for X
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements of Prepend
-* @param Prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements of Append
-* @param Append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for Append
-* @param Out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
-* @param Workspace  workspace array
-* @param strideW    stride length for Workspace
-*/
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
-	const CBLAS_INT ox = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N, strideX );
-	const CBLAS_INT op = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N1, strideP );
-	const CBLAS_INT oa = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N2, strideA );
-	const CBLAS_INT oo = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-k, strideOut );
-	const CBLAS_INT ow = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-1, strideW );
-	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, Prepend, strideP, op, N2, Append, strideA, oa, Out, strideOut, oo, Workspace, strideW, ow );
-}
-
 /**
 * Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 *
+* @private
 * @param N          number of indexed elements
 * @param X          input array
 * @param strideX    stride length for X
 * @param offsetX    starting index for X
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements of Prepend
-* @param Prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
-* @param offsetP    starting index for Prepend
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements of Append
-* @param Append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for Append
-* @param offsetA    starting index for Append
-* @param Out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
-* @param offsetOut  starting index for Out
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements for prepend
+* @param prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for prepend
+* @param offsetP    starting index for prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements for append
+* @param append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for append
+* @param offsetA    starting index for append
+* @param out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for out
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for out
 */
-static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
+static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	CBLAS_INT ix;
 	CBLAS_INT ip;
@@ -81,7 +55,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 	if ( total <= 1 ) {
 		return;
 	}
-
+	// Calculate the forward difference over the input array...
 	if ( N1 == 0 && N2 == 0 ) {
 		ix = offsetX;
 		io = offsetOut;
@@ -89,33 +63,32 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 			ix += strideX;
 			curr = X[ ix ];
-			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
 		return;
 	}
-
-	// Prepend
+	// Calculate the forward difference over the list of prepended values...
 	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
 		io = offsetOut;
 		ip = offsetP;
-		prev = Prepend[ ip ];
+		prev = prepend[ ip ];
 		for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
 			ip += strideP;
-			curr = Prepend[ ip ];
-			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			curr = prepend[ ip ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
 		if ( N > 0 ) {
 			curr = X[ offsetX ];
-			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		} else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-			curr = Append[ offsetA ];
-			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
@@ -123,11 +96,10 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 		prev = X[ offsetX ];
 		io = offsetOut;
 	} else {
-		prev = Append[ offsetA ];
+		prev = append[ offsetA ];
 		io = offsetOut;
 	}
-
-	// x
+	// Calculate the forward difference over the input array...
 	if ( N > 0 ) {
 		ix = offsetX;
 		if ( N1 == 0 ) {
@@ -135,7 +107,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 			ix += strideX;
 			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 				curr = X[ ix ];
-				Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 				prev = curr;
 				io += strideOut;
 				ix += strideX;
@@ -144,26 +116,25 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 			ix += strideX;
 			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 				curr = X[ ix ];
-				Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 				prev = curr;
 				io += strideOut;
 				ix += strideX;
 			}
 		}
 		if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-			curr = Append[ offsetA ];
-			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			curr = append[ offsetA ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
 	}
-
-	// Append
+	// Calculate the forward difference over the list of appended values...
 	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
 		ia = offsetA + strideA;
 		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
-			curr = Append[ ia ];
-			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			curr = append[ ia ];
+			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 			ia += strideA;
@@ -172,6 +143,33 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 	return;
 }
 
+/**
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+*
+* @param N          number of indexed elements
+* @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
+* @param X          input array
+* @param strideX    stride length for X
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements for prepend
+* @param prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements for append
+* @param append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for append
+* @param out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for out
+* @param workspace  workspace array
+* @param strideW    stride length for workspace
+*/
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
+	const CBLAS_INT ox = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N, strideX );
+	const CBLAS_INT op = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N1, strideP );
+	const CBLAS_INT oa = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N2, strideA );
+	const CBLAS_INT oo = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-k, strideOut );
+	const CBLAS_INT ow = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-1, strideW );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, prepend, strideP, op, N2, append, strideA, oa, out, strideOut, oo, workspace, strideW, ow );
+}
+
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 *
@@ -180,22 +178,22 @@ static void stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *
 * @param X          input array
 * @param strideX    stride length for X
 * @param offsetX    starting index for X
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements of Prepend
-* @param Prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
-* @param offsetP    starting index for Prepend
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements of Append
-* @param Append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for Append
-* @param offsetA    starting index for Append
-* @param Out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
-* @param offsetOut  starting index for Out
-* @param Workspace  workspace array
-* @param strideW    stride length for Workspace
-* @param offsetW    starting index for Workspace
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements for prepend
+* @param prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for prepend
+* @param offsetP    starting index for prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements for append
+* @param append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for append
+* @param offsetA    starting index for append
+* @param out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for out
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for out
+* @param workspace  workspace array
+* @param strideW    stride length for workspace
+* @param offsetW    starting index for workspace
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	CBLAS_INT io;
 	CBLAS_INT n;
@@ -207,34 +205,36 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 	if ( total <= 1 || k >= total ) {
 		return;
 	}
-
+	// If `k` is equal to zero, there are no differences to compute, so we merely copy the various arrays into the output array...
 	if ( k == 0 ) {
-		// Copy `Prepend` into output array:
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		// Copy `prepend` into output array:
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
 		// Copy `X` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, Out, strideOut, io );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, io );
 
-		// Copy `Append` into output array:
+		// Copy `append` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, io );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
 
 		return;
 	}
-
+	// If `k` is equal to one, we can compute the forward difference while writing directly to the output array...
 	if ( k == 1 ) {
-		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 		return;
 	}
+	// Compute the first forward difference:
+	stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 
-	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
-
+	// Recursively compute the next forward differences...
 	n = total - 1;
 	for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
-		stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, Append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+		stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 		n -= 1;
 	}
-	stdlib_strided_base_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+	// For the last forward difference, ensure that results are written to the output array:
+	stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 	return;
 }

From 7e103e663cee0c53d00ebc91d7f135fb52458d56 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 02:20:41 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 26/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: na
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
index 0e9264eb791a..bbf8bd447088 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 {{alias}}( N, k, x,sx, N1,p,sp, N2,a,sa, out,so, w,sw )
     Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision
     floating-point strided array.

From cfd7e0859a7428621e77c3e18b6f1a9470305c43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 2026 02:40:14 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 27/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: na
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
index 51bc294364d7..4524031e3140 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/lib/base.js
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 	if ( total <= 1 ) {
 		return out;
 	}
-	// Calculate the forward difference over the input array...
+	// Compute forward differences:
 	if ( N1 === 0 && N2 === 0 ) {
 		ix = offsetX;
 		io = offsetOut;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 		}
 		return out;
 	}
-	// Calculate the forward difference over the list of prepended values...
+	// Compute forward differences over the list of prepended values:
 	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
 		io = offsetOut;
 		ip = offsetP;
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 		prev = append[ offsetA ];
 		io = offsetOut;
 	}
-	// Calculate the forward difference over the input array...
+	// Compute forward differences over the input array:
 	if ( N > 0 ) {
 		ix = offsetX;
 		if ( N1 === 0 ) {
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ function base( N, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
 	}
-	// Calculate the forward difference over the list of appended values...
+	// Compute forward differences over the list of appended values:
 	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
 		ia = offsetA + strideA;
 		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {

From bcdc53dfa38001444187433357164fdfb9e1d202 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2026 20:40:48 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 28/35] docs: update comment

Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c            | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
index 5f9360d0b304..b4c8afcab6ad 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/examples/c/example.c
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ int main( void ) {
 	// Define the output array:
 	double out[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
-	// Define the workspace:
+	// Define a workspace:
 	double w[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
 
 	// Compute forward differences:

From c2edbea3553946e5ecfb643648004d5c692d265e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2026 20:44:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 29/35] docs: fix notes placement

Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts | 30 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
index 65431be2ec3a..37810a76306e 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/index.d.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ interface Routine {
 	/**
 	* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+	* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+	*
 	* @param N - number of indexed elements
 	* @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
 	* @param x - input array
@@ -41,11 +46,6 @@ interface Routine {
 	* @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
 	* @returns output array
 	*
-	* ## Notes
-	*
-	* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
-	* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
-	*
 	* @example
 	* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 	*
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@ interface Routine {
 	/**
 	* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 	*
+	* ## Notes
+	*
+	* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+	* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+	*
 	* @param N - number of indexed elements
 	* @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
 	* @param x - input array
@@ -86,11 +91,6 @@ interface Routine {
 	* @param offsetW - starting index for `workspace`
 	* @returns output array
 	*
-	* ## Notes
-	*
-	* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
-	* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
-	*
 	* @example
 	* var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 	*
@@ -111,6 +111,11 @@ interface Routine {
 /**
 * Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 *
+* ## Notes
+*
+* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+*
 * @param N - number of indexed elements
 * @param k - number of times to recursively compute differences
 * @param x - input array
@@ -127,11 +132,6 @@ interface Routine {
 * @param strideW - stride length for `workspace`
 * @returns output array
 *
-* ## Notes
-*
-* -   The `out` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
-* -   The `workspace` array must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
-*
 * @example
 * var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
 *

From 7c084ef5332e80b08fd72480a3a0f748bb95d945 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2026 21:08:13 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 30/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md        |  9 +++++----
 .../blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts       | 16 ++++++++--------
 .../ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h   |  8 ++++----
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c       |  1 -
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
index 2f6d1e60bc9d..805621c0cabb 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ var ddiff = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff' );
 
 #### ddiff( N, k, x, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW )
 
-Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 
 ```javascript
 var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ console.log( out );
 
 #### ddiff.ndarray( N, k, x, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW )
 
-Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 
 ```javascript
 var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
@@ -161,6 +161,7 @@ console.log( out );
 
 ## Notes
 
+-   When `k <= 1`, the workspace array is unused and thus ignored.
 -   If `N <= 0`, both functions return the output array unchanged.
 
 </section>
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ console.log( 'Output: ', out );
 
 #### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, \*X, strideX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, N2, \*append, strideA, \*out, strideOut, \*workspace, strideW )
 
-Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 
 ```c
 const double x[] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X
 
 #### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, \*X, strideX, offsetX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, \*append, strideA, offsetA, \*out, strideOut, offsetOut, \*workspace, strideW, offsetW )
 
-Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 
 ```c
 const double x[] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
index 531bc0c6e667..6897696c709e 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
 	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
 
-	ddiff( '10', 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff( true, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff( false, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff( null, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff( undefined, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff( [], 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff( {}, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
-	ddiff( ( x: number ): number => x, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( '10', 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( true, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( false, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( null, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( undefined, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( [], 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( {}, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
+	ddiff( ( x: number ): number => x, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
 // The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a second argument which is not a number...
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
index 255b86ba2bf4..d35d8c83e1f1 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/include/stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff.h
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 /**
-* Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 
 /**
-* Calculates the k-th discrete forward differences of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
+* Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index 65da5af602e1..43834953875c 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 /**
 * Calculates the forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 *
-* @private
 * @param N          number of indexed elements
 * @param X          input array
 * @param strideX    stride length for X

From 68da62189ad741fecc8d1193ec9df4a4a40e2af8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2026 21:11:50 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 31/35] docs: update signatures

Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md     | 56 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
index 805621c0cabb..d6da901fcbd5 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ console.log( 'Output: ', out );
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
 
-#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, \*X, strideX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, N2, \*append, strideA, \*out, strideOut, \*workspace, strideW )
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff( N, k, \*X, strideX, N1, \*Prepend, strideP, N2, \*Append, strideA, \*Out, strideOut, \*Workspace, strideW )
 
 Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array.
 
@@ -253,24 +253,24 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **k**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of times to recursively compute differences.
 -   **X**: `[in] double*` input array.
 -   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `X`.
--   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `prepend`.
--   **prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
--   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
--   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `append`.
--   **append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
--   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `append`.
--   **out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
--   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
--   **workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
--   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
+-   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `Prepend`.
+-   **Prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Prepend`.
+-   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `Append`.
+-   **Append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Append`.
+-   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+-   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Out`.
+-   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+-   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW );
 ```
 
 <!-- lint disable maximum-heading-length -->
 
-#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, \*X, strideX, offsetX, N1, \*prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, \*append, strideA, offsetA, \*out, strideOut, offsetOut, \*workspace, strideW, offsetW )
+#### stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( N, k, \*X, strideX, offsetX, N1, \*Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, \*Append, strideA, offsetA, \*Out, strideOut, offsetOut, \*Workspace, strideW, offsetW )
 
 Calculates the k-th discrete forward difference of a double-precision floating-point strided array using alternative indexing semantics.
 
@@ -291,23 +291,23 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **X**: `[in] double*` input array.
 -   **strideX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `X`.
 -   **offsetX**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `X`.
--   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `prepend`.
--   **prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
--   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `prepend`.
--   **offsetP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `prepend`.
--   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `append`.
--   **append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
--   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `append`.
--   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `append`.
--   **out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
--   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `out`.
--   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `out`.
--   **workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
--   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `workspace`.
--   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `workspace`.
+-   **N1**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `Prepend`.
+-   **Prepend**: `[in] double*` array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Prepend`.
+-   **offsetP**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Prepend`.
+-   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `Append`.
+-   **Append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
+-   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Append`.
+-   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Append`.
+-   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+-   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Out`.
+-   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Out`.
+-   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+-   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Workspace`.
+-   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Workspace`.
 
 ```c
-void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
+void stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW );
 ```
 
 </section>

From f292f02224ba1cc69f0dbaf8dafaa666055e47af Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2026 21:14:55 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 32/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
index d6da901fcbd5..b91ed3b0c5b0 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/README.md
@@ -259,9 +259,9 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **N2**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` number of indexed elements for `Append`.
 -   **Append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
 -   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Append`.
--   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+-   **Out**: `[out] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 -   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Out`.
--   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+-   **Workspace**: `[out] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 -   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Workspace`.
 
 ```c
@@ -299,10 +299,10 @@ The function accepts the following arguments:
 -   **Append**: `[in] double*` array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
 -   **strideA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Append`.
 -   **offsetA**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Append`.
--   **Out**: `[inout] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
+-   **Out**: `[out] double*` output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` elements.
 -   **strideOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Out`.
 -   **offsetOut**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Out`.
--   **Workspace**: `[inout] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
+-   **Workspace**: `[out] double*` workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` elements.
 -   **strideW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` stride length for `Workspace`.
 -   **offsetW**: `[in] CBLAS_INT` starting index for `Workspace`.
 

From f714b52ce84348104ba7f1c345313349e8248ef1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2026 21:18:05 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 33/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
index 6897696c709e..3bf977cfe1b8 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	const out = new Float64Array( 11 );
 	const w = new Float64Array( 11 );
 
-	ddiff( x.length, 1.0, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectType Float64Array
+	ddiff( x.length, 1, x, 1, 1, p, 1, 1, a, 1, out, 1, w, 1 ); // $ExpectType Float64Array
 }
 
 // The compiler throws an error if the function is provided a first argument which is not a number...

From 0b9d74e17d09aeaafec91aeec33fa39ed48f25a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 9 Apr 2026 21:20:19 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 34/35] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Athan <kgryte@gmail.com>
---
 lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
index 3bf977cfe1b8..61a80bc1fec0 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/types/test.ts
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ import ddiff = require( './index' );
 	ddiff.ndarray( x.length, 1, x, 1, 0, 1, p, 1, 0, 1, a, 1, 0, out, 1, 0, ( x: number ): number => x, 1, 0 ); // $ExpectError
 }
 
-// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided a eighteenth argument which is not a number...
+// The compiler throws an error if the `ndarray` method is provided an eighteenth argument which is not a number...
 {
 	const x = new Float64Array( 10 );
 	const p = new Float64Array( 1 );

From 4316627429e79b362f8e04496d5a26edbbda2ebd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: headlessNode <harriskhan047@outlook.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2026 13:23:08 +0500
Subject: [PATCH 35/35] fix: apply suggestions from code review

---
type: pre_commit_static_analysis_report
description: Results of running static analysis checks when committing changes.
report:
  - task: lint_filenames
    status: passed
  - task: lint_editorconfig
    status: passed
  - task: lint_markdown
    status: na
  - task: lint_package_json
    status: na
  - task: lint_repl_help
    status: passed
  - task: lint_javascript_src
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_cli
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_javascript_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_python
    status: na
  - task: lint_r
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_src
    status: missing_dependencies
  - task: lint_c_examples
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_benchmarks
    status: na
  - task: lint_c_tests_fixtures
    status: na
  - task: lint_shell
    status: na
  - task: lint_typescript_declarations
    status: passed
  - task: lint_typescript_tests
    status: na
  - task: lint_license_headers
    status: passed
---
---
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt |  26 ++--
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c   |  20 +--
 .../@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c    | 122 +++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
index bbf8bd447088..858101b322da 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/docs/repl.txt
@@ -26,22 +26,22 @@
         Stride length for `x`.
 
     N1: integer
-        Number of elements to `prepend`.
+        Number of elements to prepend.
 
     p: Float64Array
         Array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
 
     sp: integer
-        Stride length for `prepend`.
+        Stride length for `p`.
 
     N2: integer
-        Number of elements to `append`.
+        Number of elements to append.
 
     a: Float64Array
         Array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
 
     sa: integer
-        Stride length for `append`.
+        Stride length for `a`.
 
     out: Float64Array
         Output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` indexed elements.
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
         Workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` indexed elements.
 
     sw: integer
-        Stride length for `workspace`.
+        Stride length for `w`.
 
     Returns
     -------
@@ -117,28 +117,28 @@
         Starting index for `x`.
 
     N1: integer
-        Number of elements to `prepend`.
+        Number of elements to prepend.
 
     p: Float64Array
         Array containing values to prepend prior to computing differences.
 
     sp: integer
-        Stride length for `prepend`.
+        Stride length for `p`.
 
     op: integer
-        Starting index for `prepend`.
+        Starting index for `p`.
 
     N2: integer
-        Number of elements to `append`.
+        Number of elements to append.
 
     a: Float64Array
         Array containing values to append prior to computing differences.
 
     sa: integer
-        Stride length for `append`.
+        Stride length for `a`.
 
     oa: integer
-        Starting index for `append`.
+        Starting index for `a`.
 
     out: Float64Array
         Output array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - k` indexed elements.
@@ -153,10 +153,10 @@
         Workspace array. Must have `N + N1 + N2 - 1` indexed elements.
 
     sw: integer
-        Stride length for `workspace`.
+        Stride length for `w`.
 
     ow: integer
-        Starting index for `workspace`.
+        Starting index for `w`.
 
     Returns
     -------
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c
index f64803338ba4..c36d3d4aac30 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/addon.c
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ static napi_value addon( napi_env env, napi_callback_info info ) {
 	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideOut, argv, 11 );
 	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideW, argv, 13 );
 	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, X, N, strideX, argv, 2 );
-	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, prepend, N1, strideP, argv, 5 );
-	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, append, N2, strideA, argv, 8 );
-	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, out, N+N1+N2-k, strideOut, argv, 10 );
-	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, workspace, N+N1+N2-1, strideW, argv, 12 );
-	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( N, k, X, strideX, N1, prepend, strideP, N2, append, strideA, out, strideOut, workspace, strideW );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, Prepend, N1, strideP, argv, 5 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, Append, N2, strideA, argv, 8 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, Out, N+N1+N2-k, strideOut, argv, 10 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, Workspace, N+N1+N2-1, strideW, argv, 12 );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( N, k, X, strideX, N1, Prepend, strideP, N2, Append, strideA, Out, strideOut, Workspace, strideW );
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ static napi_value addon_method( napi_env env, napi_callback_info info ) {
 	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, strideW, argv, 17 );
 	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_INT64( env, offsetW, argv, 18 );
 	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, X, N, strideX, argv, 2 );
-	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, prepend, N1, strideP, argv, 6 );
-	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, append, N2, strideA, argv, 10 );
-	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, out, N+N1+N2-k, strideOut, argv, 13 );
-	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, workspace, N+N1+N2-1, strideW, argv, 16 );
-	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, Prepend, N1, strideP, argv, 6 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, Append, N2, strideA, argv, 10 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, Out, N+N1+N2-k, strideOut, argv, 13 );
+	STDLIB_NAPI_ARGV_STRIDED_FLOAT64ARRAY( env, Workspace, N+N1+N2-1, strideW, argv, 16 );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 	return NULL;
 }
 
diff --git a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
index 43834953875c..b55a32a20d3a 100644
--- a/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
+++ b/lib/node_modules/@stdlib/blas/ext/base/ddiff/src/main.c
@@ -28,19 +28,19 @@
 * @param X          input array
 * @param strideX    stride length for X
 * @param offsetX    starting index for X
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements for prepend
-* @param prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for prepend
-* @param offsetP    starting index for prepend
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements for append
-* @param append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for append
-* @param offsetA    starting index for append
-* @param out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for out
-* @param offsetOut  starting index for out
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements for Prepend
+* @param Prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
+* @param offsetP    starting index for Prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements for Append
+* @param Append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for Append
+* @param offsetA    starting index for Append
+* @param Out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for Out
 */
-static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
+static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	CBLAS_INT ix;
 	CBLAS_INT ip;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const doub
 		for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 			ix += strideX;
 			curr = X[ ix ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
@@ -72,22 +72,22 @@ static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const doub
 	if ( N1 > 0 ) {
 		io = offsetOut;
 		ip = offsetP;
-		prev = prepend[ ip ];
+		prev = Prepend[ ip ];
 		for ( i = 1; i < N1; i++ ) {
 			ip += strideP;
-			curr = prepend[ ip ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			curr = Prepend[ ip ];
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
 		if ( N > 0 ) {
 			curr = X[ offsetX ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		} else if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-			curr = append[ offsetA ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			curr = Append[ offsetA ];
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const doub
 		prev = X[ offsetX ];
 		io = offsetOut;
 	} else {
-		prev = append[ offsetA ];
+		prev = Append[ offsetA ];
 		io = offsetOut;
 	}
 	// Calculate the forward difference over the input array...
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const doub
 			ix += strideX;
 			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 				curr = X[ ix ];
-				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 				prev = curr;
 				io += strideOut;
 				ix += strideX;
@@ -115,15 +115,15 @@ static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const doub
 			ix += strideX;
 			for ( i = 1; i < N; i++ ) {
 				curr = X[ ix ];
-				out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+				Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 				prev = curr;
 				io += strideOut;
 				ix += strideX;
 			}
 		}
 		if ( N2 > 0 ) {
-			curr = append[ offsetA ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			curr = Append[ offsetA ];
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 		}
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const doub
 	if ( N2 > 0 ) {
 		ia = offsetA + strideA;
 		for ( i = 1; i < N2; i++ ) {
-			curr = append[ ia ];
-			out[ io ] = curr - prev;
+			curr = Append[ ia ];
+			Out[ io ] = curr - prev;
 			prev = curr;
 			io += strideOut;
 			ia += strideA;
@@ -149,24 +149,24 @@ static void stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( const CBLAS_INT N, const doub
 * @param k          number of times to recursively compute differences
 * @param X          input array
 * @param strideX    stride length for X
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements for prepend
-* @param prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for prepend
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements for append
-* @param append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for append
-* @param out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for out
-* @param workspace  workspace array
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements for Prepend
+* @param Prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements for Append
+* @param Append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for Append
+* @param Out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
+* @param Workspace  workspace array
 * @param strideW    stride length for workspace
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW ) {
 	const CBLAS_INT ox = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N, strideX );
 	const CBLAS_INT op = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N1, strideP );
 	const CBLAS_INT oa = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N2, strideA );
 	const CBLAS_INT oo = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-k, strideOut );
 	const CBLAS_INT ow = stdlib_strided_stride2offset( N+N1+N2-1, strideW );
-	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, prepend, strideP, op, N2, append, strideA, oa, out, strideOut, oo, workspace, strideW, ow );
+	API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( N, k, X, strideX, ox, N1, Prepend, strideP, op, N2, Append, strideA, oa, Out, strideOut, oo, Workspace, strideW, ow );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -177,22 +177,22 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, con
 * @param X          input array
 * @param strideX    stride length for X
 * @param offsetX    starting index for X
-* @param N1         number of indexed elements for prepend
-* @param prepend    prepend array
-* @param strideP    stride length for prepend
-* @param offsetP    starting index for prepend
-* @param N2         number of indexed elements for append
-* @param append     append array
-* @param strideA    stride length for append
-* @param offsetA    starting index for append
-* @param out        output array
-* @param strideOut  stride length for out
-* @param offsetOut  starting index for out
-* @param workspace  workspace array
-* @param strideW    stride length for workspace
-* @param offsetW    starting index for workspace
+* @param N1         number of indexed elements for Prepend
+* @param Prepend    prepend array
+* @param strideP    stride length for Prepend
+* @param offsetP    starting index for Prepend
+* @param N2         number of indexed elements for Append
+* @param Append     append array
+* @param strideA    stride length for Append
+* @param offsetA    starting index for Append
+* @param Out        output array
+* @param strideOut  stride length for Out
+* @param offsetOut  starting index for Out
+* @param Workspace  workspace array
+* @param strideW    stride length for Workspace
+* @param offsetW    starting index for Workspace
 */
-void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
+void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_INT k, const double *X, const CBLAS_INT strideX, const CBLAS_INT offsetX, const CBLAS_INT N1, const double *Prepend, const CBLAS_INT strideP, const CBLAS_INT offsetP, const CBLAS_INT N2, const double *Append, const CBLAS_INT strideA, const CBLAS_INT offsetA, double *Out, const CBLAS_INT strideOut, const CBLAS_INT offsetOut, double *Workspace, const CBLAS_INT strideW, const CBLAS_INT offsetW ) {
 	CBLAS_INT total;
 	CBLAS_INT io;
 	CBLAS_INT n;
@@ -206,34 +206,34 @@ void API_SUFFIX(stdlib_strided_ddiff_ndarray)( const CBLAS_INT N, const CBLAS_IN
 	}
 	// If `k` is equal to zero, there are no differences to compute, so we merely copy the various arrays into the output array...
 	if ( k == 0 ) {
-		// Copy `prepend` into output array:
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		// Copy `Prepend` into output array:
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 
 		// Copy `X` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( N1 * strideOut );
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, out, strideOut, io );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, Out, strideOut, io );
 
-		// Copy `append` into output array:
+		// Copy `Append` into output array:
 		io = offsetOut + ( ( N1 + N ) * strideOut );
-		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, io );
+		c_dcopy_ndarray( N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, io );
 
 		return;
 	}
 	// If `k` is equal to one, we can compute the forward difference while writing directly to the output array...
 	if ( k == 1 ) {
-		stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+		stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 		return;
 	}
 	// Compute the first forward difference:
-	stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+	stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( N, X, strideX, offsetX, N1, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, N2, Append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 
 	// Recursively compute the next forward differences...
 	n = total - 1;
 	for ( i = 1; i < k - 1; i++ ) {
-		stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, workspace, strideW, offsetW );
+		stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, Append, strideA, offsetA, Workspace, strideW, offsetW );
 		n -= 1;
 	}
 	// For the last forward difference, ensure that results are written to the output array:
-	stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( n, workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, append, strideA, offsetA, out, strideOut, offsetOut );
+	stdlib_strided_internal_ddiff_ndarray( n, Workspace, strideW, offsetW, 0, Prepend, strideP, offsetP, 0, Append, strideA, offsetA, Out, strideOut, offsetOut );
 	return;
 }