Safe reading of CPUID (#1277)

* Add highest func parameter

* Properly check highest leaf

* Properly check if subleaf is available

* Add bit manip tests

* Restrict bit manip to unsigned types

* Document cache leaf function

Author: AntoinePrv

.github/workflows/windows.yml

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ jobs:
         run: ./_build/test/test_xsimd
 
   build-windows-arm64:
-    name: 'MSVC arm64'
+    name: 'MSVC ARM64'
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash {0}
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Setup compiler
       uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
       with:
-        arch: amd64
+        arch: arm64
     - name: Setup Ninja
       run: |
         python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
@@ -107,3 +107,73 @@ jobs:
       run: cmake --build _build
     - name: Testing xsimd
       run: ./_build/test/test_xsimd
+
+  build-windows-arm64-msys2-clang:
+    name: 'MSYS2 CLANG ARM64'
+    runs-on: windows-11-arm
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup MSYS2 with Clang (ARM64)
+        uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+        with:
+          msystem: CLANGARM64
+          update: true
+          path-type: minimal
+          pacboy: >-
+            cc:p
+            cmake:p
+            ninja:p
+      - name: Checkout xsimd
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          cmake -B _build \
+            -DBUILD_TESTS=ON \
+            -DDOWNLOAD_DOCTEST=ON \
+            -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON \
+            -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -G Ninja
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build _build
+      - name: Testing xsimd
+        run: ./_build/test/test_xsimd
+
+  build-windows-arm64-clang:
+    name: 'LLVM CLANG ARM64'
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash {0}
+    runs-on: windows-11-arm
+    steps:
+      - name: Install LLVM/Clang for Windows ARM64
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          winget install --id LLVM.LLVM --accept-source-agreements --accept-package-agreements --silent
+          # Add LLVM bin directory to PATH for subsequent steps
+          echo "C:\Program Files\LLVM\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      - name: Setup Ninja
+        run: |
+          python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
+          python3 -m pip install ninja
+      - name: Checkout xsimd
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Verify clang-cl version
+        run: clang-cl --version
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          cmake -B _build \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl \
+            -DBUILD_TESTS=ON \
+            -DDOWNLOAD_DOCTEST=ON \
+            -DBUILD_BENCHMARK=ON \
+            -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -G Ninja
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build _build
+      - name: Testing xsimd
+        run: ./_build/test/test_xsimd

include/xsimd/arch/common/xsimd_common_memory.hpp

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ namespace xsimd
                 for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Is); ++i)
                     if ((bitmask >> i) & 1u)
                         std::swap(mask_buffer[inserted++], mask_buffer[i]);
+                // Fill remaining (don't-care) tail positions with index 0.
+                for (size_t i = inserted; i < sizeof...(Is); ++i)
+                    mask_buffer[i] = 0;
                 return batch<IT, A>::load_aligned(&mask_buffer[0]);
             }
         }